ADVENT
OF THE EUROPEANS INTO INDIA
Reason (R): The traditional overland route was closed after the Turks captured Constantinople in 1453 AD.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Portuguese were the pioneers in discovering new sea routes.
Reason (R): They were indomitable adventurer sailors who started navigation in the unknown sea.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut port in India in 1498 A.D.
Reason (R): He followed the route discovered by Bartolomeu Diaz to the Cape of Good Hope.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The discovery of a new sea route between India and Western countries ushered in a new era.
Reason (R): This new communication was safe from the attack of the Turks.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): John Mildenhall reached India in 1599 A.D.
Reason (R): He was an English sailor who was able to circumnavigate the globe.
Answer: A is true, but R is false. (R is about Francis Drake, not John Mildenhall).
Assertion (A): The English East India Company was formed in 1600 A.D.
Reason (R): Elizabeth, the Queen of England, granted permission to a trade organization to trade in the large sea area from the Cape of Good Hope to the Magellan Strait.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Captain William Hawkins arrived at the Surat port in 1608 A.D.
Reason (R): He was sent by King James I to the Mughal Emperor Jahangir to get permission for trade.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Emperor Jahangir granted permission to the English merchants to establish factories at Surat.
Reason (R): Sir Thomas Roe was able to sign a trade contract with the Emperor.
Answer: A is true, but R is false. (The text states Thomas Roe could not sign any trade contracts, but still got permission).
Assertion (A): The 'firmans' granted by Emperor Farukhsiyar to the East India Company are regarded as the 'Magna Carta' of the company.
Reason (R): These firmans gave the company the right of duty-free trade in Bengal.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The East India Company was ambitious for political power.
Reason (R): They took advantage of the growing enmity and weakness among the Indian ruling class.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Bombay became the head office of the East India Company.
Reason (R): King Charles II of England acquired Bombay as dowry after marrying a Portuguese princess and then handed it over to the Company.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The city of Calcutta originated from three villages.
Reason (R): Job Charnock acquired the zamindari rights over Kali Ghata, Sutanutee, and Gobindapur.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Calcutta trade centre was renamed Fort William.
Reason (R): The fort was named in honour of King William III of England.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Battle of Plassey (1757) led to the foundation of the British Empire in India.
Reason (R): Siraj-ud-daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, was defeated in the battle.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Robert Clive's second administration was an important phase for the Company's rule.
Reason (R): The British East India Company received legal sanction as the ruling power during this period.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Dual Government was introduced in Bengal in 1765.
Reason (R): This system conferred the right of Diwani upon the Company, but left the Nawab with only military administration.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The East India Company became the most powerful in India during the governorship of Warren Hastings.
Reason (R): Warren Hastings encouraged Nawabs to declare independence and claimed equal status with the Mughal Emperor.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The governor of Bengal was named 'Governor General' by the Regulating Act of 1773.
Reason (R): This Act made the governors of Bombay and Madras his subordinates.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Pitt's India Act of 1784 introduced a two-tier administration in India.
Reason (R): It established a Board of Control in Britain to run the administration along with the Company.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The central administration of India was made stronger by the Acts of 1833 and 1853.
Reason (R): These acts were enacted by the British Government.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (The reason is a supporting fact, not the cause of the centralisation).
Assertion (A): The Sepoy Mutiny was triggered by Mangal Pandey at the Barrackpore Sepoy Cantonment.
Reason (R): He poured a series of bullets upon an English officer on March 29, 1857.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The rebellion of 1857 spread over the whole of North India.
Reason (R): Mangal Pandey and Ishwar Pandey were awarded capital punishment.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The name of the Mughal Emperor was scraped away from the coins of the East India Company in 1835.
Reason (R): This act, along with the introduction of English in administration, increased discontent among Indians.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 ushered in a new era in the political history of India.
Reason (R): The British Government had to introduce new rules and acts to satisfy the agitated Indians.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The old trade routes between India and Europe were closed in the seventh century.
Reason (R): The Arabs had conquered many countries and monopolised the Indian trade.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Bartolomeu Diaz could reach the Cape of Good Hope in 1487 A.D.
Reason (R): The Portuguese were seeking a new sea route to India that was safe from the Turks.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The English East India Company carried out spice trade with Sumatra, Java, and the Moluccas before arriving in India.
Reason (R): The company had a trade permit from the Queen of England for fifteen years.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (The permit was for a large sea area, but it doesn't specify why they chose to trade in those specific places).
Assertion (A): The first Englishman to reach Agra was Captain William Hawkins.
Reason (R): He met Mughal Emperor Jahangir at his court in April 1609.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The East India Company founded a trade centre at Masulipatam in 1611.
Reason (R): They took permission from the Sultan of Golkunda.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The trade centre at Armagaon was shifted to Madras.
Reason (R): The Company made a treaty with the King of Chandragiri to do so.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Robert Clive was a diplomat who built up a colonial empire in India.
Reason (R): He was an ordinary servant of the East India Company.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (The reason describes his origin, not his diplomatic skill).
Assertion (A): The East India Company gradually built up a colony of British imperialism throughout India.
Reason (R): This process took place from the governorship of Robert Clive to the period of Governor-Generalship of Lord Dalhousie.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British rule in India can be divided into two main parts.
Reason (R): The first phase was from the downfall of the Mughal Empire to the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, and the second was from 1858 to 1947.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The East India Company started a central administration in India during the first phase of British rule.
Reason (R): They dethroned the Indian rulers and unified scattered divisions.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British Crown undertook administrative reforms and welfare measures in India after 1858.
Reason (R): This was done to provide an organised British administration in India.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Mughal Emperor Shah Alam signed the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765.
Reason (R): This treaty gave the East India Company political authority over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Nawab of Bengal was reduced to a titular military administrator.
Reason (R): The Dual Government in Bengal gave the Company the right of revenue collection.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras became the main administrative centres for the East India Company.
Reason (R): The chief administrators of these centres were given the status of President.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The reactionary administration of Lord Dalhousie was a cause of the Sepoy Mutiny.
Reason (R): His administration increased the disgruntlement of Indians of all religions.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Sepoy Mutiny led to a remarkable change in the outlook of the British Government towards India.
Reason (R): The rebellion brought new rules and acts in the Indian administration to satisfy the agitated Indians.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): India had extensive trade relations with Europe since time immemorial.
Reason (R): Indian productions and manufactures were in great demand in Western countries.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): European nations like Greece and Rome had extensive trade relations with India until the end of the sixth century.
Reason (R): These nations used trade routes through the Red Sea, Persia, and Afghanistan.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The old trade routes were closed in the seventh century.
Reason (R): The Arabs had conquered many countries and monopolised the trade.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The overland route to India was closed in 1453 A.D.
Reason (R): The Turks captured Constantinople, which was the key point on the route.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The long-sought sea route between India and Western countries was discovered.
Reason (R): Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut in 1498 A.D.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Ralph Fitch, an English sailor, travelled to India and Burma in 1952.
Reason (R): Ralph Fitch brought glory to his countrymen.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (The year is incorrect; it should be 1582 as a fact check would reveal, but based on the text provided, A and R are true, but R is a consequence, not a cause).
Assertion (A): The English East India Company was given the right to trade for fifteen years.
Reason (R): Queen Elizabeth granted permission for the company to trade in the large sea area from the Cape of Good Hope to the Magellan Strait.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): John Surman led an English delegation to meet Mughal Emperor Farukhsiyar in 1715.
Reason (R): An English surgeon, William Hamilton, had cured the emperor from a painful disease.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (William Hamilton's medical service was a reason for the firman granted, not the reason for Surman meeting the Emperor).
Assertion (A): The English took advantage of the weakness among Indian rulers to establish their rule.
Reason (R): Robert Clive, through diplomatic skill, devised a scheme to expel other European companies.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (Clive's actions were an example of the company taking advantage, but not the direct reason for their strategy).
Assertion (A): The defeat of Siraj-ud-daulah paved the way for British imperialism in India.
Reason (R): Robert Clive defeated him in the Battle of Plassey by deceit.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The 'Presidency' was an administrative unit under a President.
Reason (R): The main administrative centres for the East India Company were Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (The reason identifies the locations of the presidencies, not why they were called "Presidencies").
Assertion (A): Mangal Pandey was a sepoy of the 34th National Infantry.
Reason (R): He was convicted and awarded capital punishment.
Assertion (A): The Portuguese sailor, Bartolomeu Diaz, discovered the sea route to India.
Reason (R): He reached the Cape of Good Hope, which became a key point in the new sea route.
Answer: A is false, but R is true. (Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to India, while Diaz only reached the Cape of Good Hope).
Assertion (A): The English East India Company was given a trade charter for fifteen years.
Reason (R): This was granted by Queen Elizabeth I in 1600 A.D.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Mughal Emperor Jahangir granted permission to the English to establish a factory at Surat.
Reason (R): This was due to the efforts of Captain William Hawkins and, later, Sir Thomas Roe.
Answer: Both A and R are
true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The French founded their first trade centre in India at Surat.
Reason (R): The French East India Company was formed with the intention of monopolising trade in the East.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (The establishment of the trade centre was a result of their trading ambitions, not the cause of it).
Assertion (A): The Battle of Plassey was a turning point in the history of British rule in India.
Reason (R): It led to the downfall of the Nawab of Bengal and the establishment of British political supremacy in the region.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Dual Government was introduced in Bengal by Robert Clive.
Reason (R): The system gave the Company administrative control and the Nawab military and judicial control.
Answer: A is false, but R is true. (The system gave the Company revenue collection rights and the Nawab the rest, and it was introduced by Robert Clive).
Assertion (A): The Regulating Act of 1773 was a step towards the centralisation of British administration in India.
Reason (R): The Act made the Governor of Bengal the Governor-General and subordinated the Governors of Bombay and Madras to him.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Pitt's India Act of 1784 established a Board of Control in Britain.
Reason (R): This board was created to supervise the company's administration in India.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Sepoy Mutiny was caused by the introduction of greased cartridges.
Reason (R): The grease was rumoured to be made from the fat of cows and pigs, which was offensive to both Hindus and Muslims.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Government of India Act of 1858 transferred the administration of India from the Company to the British Crown.
Reason (R): This was a direct result of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Danes were the last European power to arrive in India.
Reason (R): They established their first factory at Tranquebar in 1620.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (The establishment of the factory is a fact, but it doesn't explain why they were the last to arrive).
Assertion (A): The Dutch established their trade centre at Pulicat.
Reason (R): The Dutch were initially a naval power, not a trading company.
Answer: A is true, but R is false. (The Dutch East India Company was primarily a trading company).
Assertion (A): The French East India Company was a state-owned enterprise.
Reason (R): It was established under the direct patronage of the French government.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Battle of Plassey was a minor skirmish in terms of casualties.
Reason (R): It was a decisive battle that led to a major political change.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (The second point describes the outcome of the battle, not its nature as a minor skirmish).
Assertion (A): The Dual Government system in Bengal was highly beneficial for the people.
Reason (R): It led to administrative chaos and the exploitation of the people.
Answer: A is false, but R is true. (The system was detrimental, not beneficial, as it led to chaos and exploitation).
Assertion (A): The city of Calcutta was established by Job Charnock.
Reason (R): He acquired the zamindari rights of three villages.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The English East India Company received the 'Magna Carta' from Emperor Farukhsiyar. Reason (R): This 'firman' granted them duty-free trade rights in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British Crown took over the administration of India after the Sepoy Mutiny.
Reason (R): The mutiny exposed the weaknesses of the Company's rule and its inability to manage the vast Indian territory.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The arrival of the British in India was for trade, but their intentions gradually shifted to political domination.
Reason (R): They exploited the political vacuum and disunity among the Indian rulers.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The discovery of a new sea route to India benefited European nations.
Reason (R): It provided a safe and direct passage for trade, bypassing the monopolised overland route. Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The French East India Company was formed in 1664 A.D.
Reason (R): It was established by King Louis XIV.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765.
Reason (R): This treaty granted the Company the right to collect revenue (Diwani) from Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The First Carnatic War was a result of the Austrian War of Succession in Europe.
Reason (R): This war was fought between the English and the French.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. (The rivalry between the English and French in Europe, including the Austrian War of Succession, spilt over into India).
Assertion (A): The Second Carnatic War was a struggle for political supremacy in the Deccan region. Reason (R): The English and French supported rival claimants to the thrones of Hyderabad and Arcot. Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Third Carnatic War ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
Reason (R): The French lost their political influence in India and were reduced to a mere trading company. Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British conquered the entire region of India through a single, continuous process. Reason (R): The conquest was a piecemeal process, often opportunistic, and took place over more than a century.
Answer: A is false, but R is true.
Assertion (A): The British introduced the Permanent Settlement in Bengal.
Reason (R): This was a measure to secure a fixed and stable revenue for the Company.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Lord Dalhousie.
Reason (R): According to this doctrine, the British annexed the states of Indian rulers who died without a natural heir.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Subsidiary Alliance was a key tool used by the British to expand their influence.
Reason (R): It forced Indian rulers to accept the stationing of British troops and pay for their maintenance. Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British introduced a new legal system in India.
Reason (R): They wanted to establish a uniform system of law to consolidate their rule.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British built railways and telegraph lines in India.
Reason (R): These were primarily introduced to facilitate better administration and military control, not for the benefit of the Indians.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British educational policies aimed to create a class of Indians who would be loyal to the British.
Reason (R): The introduction of English education was intended to produce clerks and subordinate administrators for the British government.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Sepoy Mutiny was also known as the First War of Independence.
Reason (R): It was a widespread rebellion against the British rule in India, involving various sections of society.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British government took steps to reorganise the Indian army after the Mutiny.
Reason (R): They wanted to prevent another large-scale rebellion.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British exploited Indian resources for their own benefit.
Reason (R): The wealth of India was siphoned off to Britain, leading to the impoverishment of the Indian people.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British introduced a new land revenue system in India.
Reason (R): These systems were designed to maximise revenue collection, often at the expense of the peasants.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British introduced a policy of religious neutrality.
Reason (R): They did not interfere with the religious and social customs of the Indians after the mutiny. Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British annexed the state of Awadh in 1856.
Reason (R): They did this on the pretext of misgovernance.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Mughal Emperor was banished from Delhi after the Sepoy Mutiny.
Reason (R): The British wanted to remove any symbol of Indian authority and resistance.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The Indian Councils Act of 1861 introduced a system of legislative councils.
Reason (R): This was a step towards including Indians in the legislative process, though with limited power. Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British rule in India was characterised by economic exploitation.
Reason (R): They converted India from a manufacturing country into a supplier of raw materials.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British introduced modern industries in India.
Reason (R): These industries were primarily aimed at processing raw materials for export to Britain. Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British imposed heavy taxes on Indian goods.
Reason (R): This was done to protect their own industries from competition from Indian products.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British introduced English as the language of administration and education.
Reason (R): This was done to create a class of Indians who would serve as intermediaries between the rulers and the ruled.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British built an extensive road network in India.
Reason (R): This was to facilitate the movement of troops and the transportation of goods for trade. Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British introduced a new postal and telegraph system.
Reason (R): These were for the efficient administration of the empire and communication.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British introduced a new currency system in India.
Reason (R): This was to standardise the monetary system and facilitate trade.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British introduced a new judicial system in India.
Reason (R): The new system was based on the principle of the rule of law.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British had a significant impact on Indian society and culture.
Reason (R): They introduced new ideas and values, such as the concept of a modern state, education, and social reforms.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): The British rule in India was a period of both positive and negative consequences.
Reason (R): While it brought about some modern reforms, it also led to economic exploitation and the suppression of Indian political rights.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
0 comments:
Post a Comment