MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
1. Which one of the following is an example of a renewable resource? 1
(a) Coal (b) Petroleum (c)
Wildlife (d) Natural gas
Answer: (c)
2. Which one of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource? 1
(a) Water (b) Vegetation (c)
Wind (d)
Coal and minerals
Answer: (d)
3. Which of the following are to be managed for sustainable development? 1
(a) Industries (b) Forests (c)
Crops (d)
Resources
Answer: (d)
4. Which of the following is the
‘biodiversity hot spots’? 1
(a) Rivers (b) Forests (c)
Deserts (d) Oceans
Answer: (b)
5. When we destroy a forest, we destroy ___ 1
(a) the trees (b) population of
wildlife
(c) the
environment (d)
food and shelter of wild animals
Answer: (c)
6. Which of the following community in Rajasthan has a religious tenet of conservation of forest and
wildlife? 1
(a) Agarwal (b) Jaishwal (c) Bishnoi (d) Jain
Answer: (c)
7. Which of the following canals
brought about greenery in Rajasthan? 1
(a) Rajiv Gandhi Canal (b)
Indira Gandhi Canal
(c) Jawaharlal Canal (d)
Mahatma Gandhi Canal
Answer: (b)
8. Which of the following is the age-old concept of the water harvesting system
in Madhya Pradesh? 1
(a) Bundhis (b) Ponds (c) Bandharas (d)
Nadis
Answer: (a)
9. Surangams are the age-old concept of water harvesting in 1
(a) Karnataka (b) Kerela (c) Tamil Nadu (d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: (b)
10. Which of the following is
not a use of forest? 1
(a) Controls floods. (b)
Used to make paper.
(c) Causes soil erosion. (d)
Resin, gum and drugs are obtained.
Answer: (c)
11. From the list given below
pick the item that is not a natural resource
1
(a) Soil (b) Water (c) Electricity (d) Air
Answer: (c)
12. The main cause of abundant coliform bacteria in the river Ganga
is 1
(a) disposal of human excreta directly.
(b)
discharge of effluents from electroplating industries
(c) washing of clothes
(d) immersion of ashes.
Answer: (a)
13. Among the statements given
below select the ones that correctly describe the concept of sustainable
development 1
(i) Planned growth with minimum damage to the environment
(ii) Growth irrespective of the extent of damage caused to the environment
(iii) Stopping all developmental work to conserve the environment
(iv) The growth that is acceptable to all the stakeholders
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii)
and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii) only
Answer: (a)
14. In our country, vast tracts
of forests are cleared and a single species of plant is cultivated. This
practice promotes 1
(a) biodiversity in the area (b)
monoculture in the area
(c) growth of natural forest (d)
preserves the natural ecosystem in the area
Answer: (b)
15. Expand the abbreviation GAP
(a) Governmental Agency for Pollution Control
(b) Gross Assimilation by Photosynthesis
(c) Ganga Action Plan
(d) Governmental Agency for Animal Protection
Answer: (c)
16. Groundwater will not be
depleted due to 1
(a) afforestation
(b) thermal power plants
(c) loss of forest, and decreased rainfall
(d) cropping of high water demanding crops
Answer: (a)
17. Pick the right combination
of terms which has no fossil fuel. 1
(a) Wind, ocean and coal
(b) Kerosene, wind and tide
(c) Wind, wood, sun
(d) Petroleum, wood, sun
Answer: (c)
18. The bacteria present in
contaminated water is _____________ . 1
Answer: Coliform
19. Large-scale deforestation
decreases _________ . 1
Answer: Rainfall
20. In the Arabari forest range
of Midnapore district involvement of villagers helped to recover trees of
___________. 1
Answer: Sal
21. Sanctuaries are established to _______.
1
Answer: Protect
animals.
22. Red Data book provides a list of ___________. 1
Answer: Rare,
endangered or endemic species.
23. Sardar Sarovar Dam is situated on river _____. 1
Answer: Narmada.
24. Tehri Dam is being constructed on __________ . 1
Answer: Ganga.
25. Kulhs system of irrigation is common in ______. 1
Answer: Himachal
Pradesh.
26. Soil and water are non-renewable natural resources. [True/False] 1
Answer: False.
27. The revival of ancient systems of water harvesting is better than big dams.
[True/False] 1
Answer: True.
28. Monoculture forestry is more suitable for industries but it is not good
for the environment. [True/False] 1
Answer: True.
29. Control of local people over their own water resources may cause
mismanagement and over-exploitation of these resources. [True/False] 1
Answer: False.
30. The river water is said to be polluted with acidic wastes when the pH of
river water above 7. [True/False] 1
Answer: False.
31. Match Column I with Column
II. 1
|
Column I |
Column II |
|
(i) Reduce |
(A) Reprocess to |
Answer: (i) (D), (ii) (A), (iii) (B), (iv) (C)
32. Match Column I with Column
II. 1
|
Column I |
Column II |
|
(i) Himachal Pradesh |
(A) Surangams |
Answer: (i) (C), (ii) (D), (iii) (F), (iv) (E)
33. Name any two items which can be easily recycled but generally thrown in
the dustbins by us? 1
Answer: (i) Envelops (ii) Carry bags.
34. How does increasing demand for energy adversely affect our environment? 1
Answer: To
meet the increased demand for energy, more and more natural resources are
exploited. Pollutants are emitted during exploitation and use of natural
resources which affect our environment.
35. What are the two kinds of
natural resources? 1
Answer: Water and forest.
36. Define the term ‘Conservation of environment’. 1
Answer: Conservation
of the environment means ‘to keep safe the environment as it is’, i.e. the sensible
use of the earth’s natural resources in order to avoid excessive degradation and
betterment of the environment.
37. List any two industries
based on forest produce. 1
Answer: Paper mills and Plywood industry.
38. A person lives near a
forest. Make a list of four items which he can get from the forest to meet his
daily needs. 1
Answer: Timber, Firewood, honey and fruits.
39. Name any two forest products, each of which is the basis for some
industry. 1
Answer: (i)
Pinewood for matchbox industry (ii) Bamboo for the paper industry
40. State an instance where human intervention saved the forests from
destruction. 1
Answer: Human
intervention saved the Arabari forest range of West Bengal from destruction
with the active and willing participation of the local community. The Sal forest of
Arabari underwent a remarkable recovery.
41. List two advantages of
building dams. 1
Answer: (i) People can utilize water
effectively. This benefits irrigation of agricultural areas in low lands.
(ii) Dams are used to produce electricity.
42. List two causes of pollution
of river Ganga. 1
Answer: The pollution of river Ganga is caused
due to:
(i) Human waste (ii) Industrial waste (iii) Religious events (any two)
43. Write any two ways that you can suggest at home to save water which is a
valuable resource. 1
Answer: (i) To use a bucket instead of overhead
shower while taking a bath.
(ii) To keep all taps free from any leakage.
44. Give any one reason for which environmentalists protested against raising
height of the Sardar Dam on river Narmada?
1
Answer: (i) Environmental problem –
Deforestation/loss of biodiversity.
(ii) Social problem – Displacement of tribals, no compensation, etc.
(iii) The economic problem – Public money consumed. (any one)
45. State two changes you can make in your habits to reduce the consumption of
electricity or water. 1
Answer: Two changes that can be made in our
habits to reduce the consumption of electricity or water are:
(i) Switch off lights and fans when not in use.
(ii) Leaked taps should be repaired immediately.
46. Name some traditional water
harvesting systems in India. 1
Answer: Traditional
water harvesting systems are Khadims, tanks, bandharas, tals, bundhis, pynes
etc.
47. List three environmental friendly practices which you would like to form
as a part of your daily habit, giving justification for each. 3
Answer: (i) To use cloth bags for shopping:
This will reduce the consumption of polythene bags and thereby will save the
environment.
(ii) To switch off unnecessary lights and fans: This will reduce consumption/
production of electricity which will imply less burning of fossil fuel and
hence less pollution.
(iii) To use public transport as much as possible: This will reduce consumption
of fossil fuel and hence less pollution.
48. Mrs Joshi is a housewife and wants to contribute for the conservation of
natural resources. List any six activities that she can do on her own. 3
Answer: Mrs Joshi can contribute to
conservation of natural resources by:
(i) Using solar power.
(ii) Disposing of biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes separately in
different bins.
(iii) Using public transport.
(iv) Using LED in place of tube lights and ordinary bulbs.
(v) Avoid using a lift or AC.
(vi) Getting leaking taps repaired immediately.
(vii) Use of pressure cooker.
(viii) Switching off the engine at the traffic light.
49. What is meant by sustainable management? The environmentalists are
insisting upon “sustainable natural resource management”. State its four
advantages. 3
Answer: Sustainable management is the
management of natural resources which requires a long-term perspective so that
it lasts for generations to come and are not to be exploited by the short-term
gains.
Its four advantages are as follows:
(i) Resources last for a longer duration. (ii) It provides steady economic growth.
(iii) It helps in ecological conservation. (iv) It reduces pollution.
50. Suggest three ways to maintain a balance between environment and
development to survive. 3
Answer: The three ways to maintain a balance
between environment and development to survive are as follows:
(i) Forest resources should be used in an environmentally and developmentally
sound manner.
(ii) Instead of using non-renewable natural resources, use of renewable natural
resources should be preferred.
(iii) Wastewater generated by industries should be recycled.
We should use natural resources cautiously so that economic growth and
ecological conservation go hand in hand.
51. What is the dam? Write two main advantages and two ill-effects of
constructing a big dam.
5
Answer: Dams are massive barriers built across
rivers and streams to confine and utilise the flow of water for human purposes
such as irrigation and generation of electricity.
Two main advantages of constructing a big dam are:
(i) generation of electricity.
(ii) irrigation.
Two ill-effects of constructing a big dam are:
(i) It displaces a large number of people.
(ii) It causes deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
52. Give an account of the four
stakeholders of the forest. 5
Answer: The conservation of forests depends on
its forest resources or its various stakeholders, who are as follows:
(i) People who live in or around forests depend on forest produce, for various
aspects of their life.
• The local people need large quantities of firewood, small timber and thatch.
Bamboo is used to make slats for huts and baskets for collecting and storing
food.
• Implements for agriculture, fishing and hunting are largely made of wood.
• People collect fruits, nuts and medicines from forests, their cattle also
graze in forest.
(ii) Forest Department of the Government which owns the land and controls the
forest resources.
• People develop practices to ensure that forest resources are used in a
sustainable manner.
• The forest resources became over-exploited after the British took control of
the forest.
• Forest department of independent India then owned the land and control the
resources of the forest but local needs such as herbs, fruits and fodder are
ignored.
• Monoculture of pine, teak or eucalyptus have been started which destroys the
bio-diversity of the area.
(iii) Industrialists:
• Industrialists consider the forest as a source of raw material for their
factories.
• These Industrialists are not interested in the sustainability of the forest
in one area as they go to a different area after cutting down all trees in one
area.
(iv) Wildlife and Nature Enthusiasts:
• They are not dependent on the forests but conserve nature and take part in
their management.
• Conservationists started with conserving large animals but are now preserving
biodiversity as a whole.
• The local people, for instance, the Bishnoi community in Rajasthan worked for
conservation of forest and wildlife as a religious act.
Thus, the management of forest resources has to take into account the interests of
various stakeholders.
53. Explain the traditional water harvesting system with a suitable diagram.
Write about the techniques of water harvesting. 4
Answer: Traditional Water Harvesting System
• The water harvesting structures in a largely
level terrain are mainly crescent-shaped earthen embankments or low, straight
concrete and rubble-built across seasonally flooded areas.
• Monsoon rains fill ponds behind the structures.
• The large structure holds water throughout the year while most dry up after
monsoon.
• The main purpose of this system is to recharge the groundwater and not to
hold surface water.
Techniques of Water Harvesting: Water harvesting techniques are mainly location-specific. Due to own control of the local population, over-exploitation of the
local water resources is reduced.
Some of the water harvesting techniques are:
(i) Capturing of runoff from rooftops.
(ii) Capturing of runoff from the local catchment.
(iii) Capturing seasonal floodwater from local streams.
54. There is a garbage bin
installed near your school gate where children and other staff of the school
throw waste food, tetra pack, plastic, waste paper, empty mineral water bottle,
etc. The bin is cleared by municipality everyday which they dump in a landfill
area. 4
(a) Can you suggest any improvement in this
waste disposal system of your school?
(b) What action will you take in your school to conserve energy?
(c) Give an idea which can discourage travelling of students by personal car.
Answer: (a) There should be two different
coloured garbage bins so that biodegradable waste and recyclable waste can be
disposed of separately.
(b) To conserve energy in our school one should make way for natural sunlight
in the classrooms as much as possible to reduce the consumption of electricity.
(c) Cars carrying only one child should not be allowed to come near the school
gate. Only school buses, bicycles and cars carrying three or more children
should be allowed to come near the gate.
55. The Colorado River in the Southwest United States supplies vast amount of water to many communities along
the way, but when it reaches Mexico, it is all but dried up. Mexican farmers
cannot use the water most of the time because of the low flow and high salt
content.
(a) Do you think that Mexican farmers also have the right to use Colorado River
water?
(b) List various ways in which you have used water in the past 24 hours.
(c) What are the ways in which you could reduce your personal water use? 4
Answer: (a) Water is a natural resource and
Mexican farmers have equal rights as that of US farmers to use the water from
Colorado River.
(b) Drinking, bathing, cooking, gardening, car cleaning, washing floor, etc.
(c) By using a bucket to take a bath instead of using bathtub or shower, by
using a bucket instead of using a pipe to wash a car, by using the wastewater
after washing of fruits and vegetables for gardening purpose, etc.
56. The rapid industrialisation of
the world is associated with rapid deforestation and extinction of various
species. Large scale felling of trees, poaching, etc have disturbed the
ecological balance. Total forest coverage in the world is decreasing at an
alarming rate and a combined effort from all the stakeholders to stop
deforestation is the need of the hour. Unless forest cover is restored,
biodiversity is preserved; the civilization will not last long. 4
(a) Who is your favourite environmentalist?
(b) What are the environmental issues he is associated with?
(c) How would you like to contribute towards conservation of nature?
Answer: (a) Sunderlal Bahuguna is my favourite
environmentalist.
(b) Chipko movement and Anti-Tehri Dam movement.
(c) By creating awareness among the public for the conservation of forest and wildlife
to achieve sustainable development.
57. The 2011 earthquake and
subsequent tsunami in Japan caused several nuclear accidents including the meltdown
of seven nuclear reactors in Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant. People within a
radius of 20 km were evacuated. Many people died, got injured and were also
affected by radiations. 4
(a) Name two non-conventional sources of energy.
(b) Following Fukushima, there were lots of protests in India against nuclear
power plants. Do you think that India should not have a nuclear power plant?
Justify your answer with two reasons.
(c) What precautions should India take to avoid Fukushima type incidents?
Answer: (a) Wind and Solar energy.
(b) I do not agree with the protesters due to the following reasons:
(i) There is a huge shortage of electrical power in India which can be
fulfilled only by nuclear power plants.
(ii) Power plants using coal and petroleum as fuel creates heavy air pollution.
Nuclear fuel is a clean fuel and does not add much pollution to the air.
(c) India can take the following precautions to avoid Fukushima type incidents:
(i) To use the best and safest technology available in the world to make the
nuclear power plants.
(ii) Not to install nuclear power plants in a highly seismic zone.
58. While discussing coal
and petroleum a teacher told his students about PCRA’s (Petroleum Conservation
Research Association) guidelines to save fossil fuels while driving
vehicles. Deepa was going to her school with her mother who was driving the car. At
the traffic signal, when the light was red, Deepa suggested her mother switch off the engine. After reading
the above passage, answer the following questions: 4
(a) Fossil fuels are natural resources, then why do we need to conserve them?
(b) List any two ways of saving fossil fuels.
(c) State two values exhibited by Deepa.
Answer: (a) Fossil fuels are non-renewable
sources of energy which cannot be replaced. So, we should conserve them to
allow future generations also to get the benefit of them.
(b) Two ways to save fossil fuels are:
(i) To use public transport wherever possible in-stead-of private cars.
(ii) To avoid idle running of vehicles at traffic signals and other locations.
(c) Values exhibited by Deepa are:
(i) Concern about the environment.
(ii) Capability to convert book knowledge into the practical field.
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