CLASS 10 SOLUTION GEOGRAPHY

Class 10 solution Geography

CLASS 10 SOLUTION GEOGRAPHY SEBA

Class 10 Solution Geography

GEOGRAPHY

CLASS: X

CHAPTER 1 ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY: SUBJECT MATTER AND RESOURCE

1. Who is the father of Economic Geography?

Answer: George Chisholm.

GEORGE CHISHOLM

2. What do you understand by ubiquitous resources?

Answer: The natural resources that are found everywhere in the world are called ubiquitous resources.

UBIQUITOUS RESOURCE

3. What is a localised resource?

Answer: Natural resources that are available in certain places are localised resource.

4. What is economic geography?

Answer: The branch of geography which studies human activities related to production, distribution, consumption and exchange of resources with respect to spatial and temporal aspects is called economic geography.

5. What are primary activities?

Answer: Activities by which people collect necessary items such as food, clothing, shelter, etc. from the natural environment and use them directly are called primary activities.

6. What are secondary activities?

Answer: Activities by which people use raw materials supplied by the primary occupation and produce new goods or add value to the natural goods are called secondary activities.

7. What tertiary activities?

Answer: Activities which help in supplying the primary or secondary goods to the users and connect producers and consumers are called tertiary activities.

8. What are quaternary activities?

Answer: Activities which requires some degree of skill, intelligence, foresight, expertise, etc. are called quaternary activities.

9. What is resource in economic geography?

Answer: A source of wealth, revenue, supply or support essential for the functioning of all living organisms and ecosystem is called resource.

10. What are natural resources?

Answer: The resources which after natural formation remain distributed on earth are called natural resources.

11. What are man-made resources?

Answer: The various commodities produced from natural resources using modern science and technology by man are called man-made resources.

Class 10 Solution Geography

MAN-MADE RESOURCE

12. What is human resource?
Answer: The population of a country which is capable of making use of the resources efficiently 
and productively is called human resource.


13. What are biotic resources?
Answer: Resources that have life, e. g. fish, crops, etc. are called biotic resources.

BIOTIC RESOURCES

14. What are abiotic resources?

Answer: Resources that do not have life, e. g. soil, water, etc. are called abiotic resources.

BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC RESOURCES

15. What are renewable resources?

Answer: Resources which do not get depleted on use and can be used again and again through the process of regeneration are called renewable resources.

16. What are non-renewable resources?

Answer: resources which get depleted on use and cannot be regenerated after use are called non-renewable resources. 

17. What are individual resources?

Answer: The things in possession of a person or an individual are called individual resources. 

18. What are national resources?

Answer: Resources under the responsibility or possession of a country are called national resources.

19. What are international resources?

Answer: National resources belonging to different countries which are under the possession of the whole world are called international resources.

20. What do you understand by conservation of resources?

Answer: The process of preservation and judicious use of resources to achieve maximum utility, avoid wasteful consumption and misuse is called conservation of resources.

21. What do you understand by wealth?

Answer: All economic goods which can satisfy human wants and have value –in-exchange are known as wealth.

22. What is neutral stuff?

Answer: Materials found on earth that are in no way useful or harmful to man are known as neutral stuff.

23. What is economic geography? What is its main subject matter? Mention the important branches of economic geography? (HSLC 2017)Answer: The branch of geography that studies the activity, space and time of people involved in the production, distribution, consumption, and exchange of resources is called Economic Geography.

The principal subject matter of economic geography is the availability of resources, their development and utilization. The main branches of economic geography are:
1. Agricultural geography                 
2. Industrial geography    
3. Geography of resources                
4. .Transport geography
5. Marketing geography                    

6.Geography of planning and development

7. Geography of Tourism. 

24. What is meant by resource? Mention its main characteristics.  (HSLC 2018)

Answer: All kinds of things that can satisfy various human needs are called resources. For example, the air, water, plants, soil, minerals, and sun heat found on earth are all resources. The three characteristics of the resource are:
2. Functionality: It should have a certain specific function or usefulness. Thus, each resource has a unique use of its own.
3. Variability - The resource is variable. Today an object may not be used by humans, but in the future, the same material or object may be used for the welfare of human beings.

1. Utility - If an object is a resource, it needs to be useful to man. It should satisfy some of his needs required for his living.

Class 10 Solution Geography

25. Briefly discuss the relationship between resource and man.  (HSLC 2019)

Answer: Resource is the thing that can meet the needs of a person's daily life. Almost all the materials available on earth such as water, air, soil, plants, sunlight etc. are resources. People fulfil basic needs through these objects found on earth. People change the shape or size of the resource according to their own needs. With the increase of knowledge, people are creating new resources from natural resources. For example - people have made their own resources from the things found in nature, such as houses, roads, factories, vehicles. That is, there is a need for resource and the things or resources available in nature are the basis of man-made resources. 

26. Briefly discuss the relationship between resource and science-technology. (HSLC 2019)

Answer: There is a close connection between resource and science-technology. With the advancement of science and technology, many inactive substances or objects have become valuable resources. For example, coal or mineral oil were not considered a resource at one time because people did not know how to use them. But with the advancement of science and technology, humans have been able to convert coal and mineral oil into energy. As a result, they have become valuable resources. Similarly, the Damodar river in West Bengal was once considered a serious problem. But with the help of science and technology, when electricity is started to be built along the dam, it has become a valuable resource. So, it can be seen that there is a significant relationship between science and technology

27. Write in brief about the scope of economic geography.

Answer: Economic geography mainly deals with the distribution of human economic activity and the factors and processes involved in it. The scope of this study is mainly based on the following specific questions:

1. Where is the economic activity located?

2. What are the characteristics of economic activity?

3. To what other phenomena is the economic activity related?

4. Why is the economic activity located where it is?

5. Would it not be better located elsewhere?

The first three questions mentioned above involve traditional economic geography. But the next two questions form the basis of modern economic geography. According to George Chisholm, the father of modern economic geography, the main purpose of economic geography is to determine the pace and direction of economic development of a place. According to the other two economic geographers C. F. Jones and G. G. Darkenwald, economic geography is associated with productive profession or activity. Also, why some particular regions move forward in production and some other areas move into the trade. That is, economic geography studies these relationships primarily with human productive functions and ecological conditions.

28. What do you mean by the economic activities of man? What are such economic activities?

Answer: Economic activity is the means of collecting the money needed to earn a living by linking people's productive activities with the environmental situation. Human economic activity is divided into four main categories:

1. Primary activities - The activities by which people extract resources from nature are called primary activity. Examples include farming, forestry collection, mineral resource collection, fishing, etc.

2. secondary activities - The activities by which people make use of various products derived from nature through the use of various technologies. Examples include construction work and industrial production

3. Tertiary activities - Tertiary activities are the activities by which the goods produced in the primary and secondary activities are supplied to the consumers. For example, the economic activities associated with transportation, tourism, market, wholesale and retail sale, etc.

4. Quaternary activities - The activities by which the second and third activities are made more active and more productive. Such activities require some degree of skill, intelligence, foresight, expertise, etc. For example, activities involving banks or other financial institutions, media, administration, education, and research, etc.

29. Write briefly about the subject matter of the important branches of economic geography.
Answer: The branch of geography in which the activities of people involved in the production, distribution, consumption, and exchange of resource is studied in terms of space and time is called 'economic geography'.

The subject matter of the different branches of economic geography is briefly discussed below.

AGRICULTURE

1. Agricultural Geography - The factors involved in farming, the type of agriculture, distribution and method of agricultural work, production of crops and its associated sources, market, import and export of agricultural commodities - are studied in agricultural geography.

INDUSTRY

2. Industrial Geography - The factors involved in the setting up of the industrial geography, the type and geographical distribution of the industries, production of the industrial goods, the sources involved in it, the market and import-export of the industrial goods are studied in the industrial geography.

RESOURCE

3. Geography of Resources - The types of resource, regional distribution, factors related to resource exploration and production, relationships between resources and development, conservation and management of resources, etc. are studied In the geography of resource.

TRANSPORT

4. Transport Geography  - The type of transportation system and its associated factors, the role of transport in the distribution of resources, in the human and economic activity, its role in agricultural and economic development are studied in transport geography.

MARKETING

5. Geography of Marketing - The requirement of market setting and its factors, market type, distribution of market and its associated sources are studied in the market geography. 

PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

6. Geography of Planning and Development - The factors involved in economic development, planning strategies, sustainable development, regional and material based development processes are studied in the geography of planning and development.

TOURISM

7. Geography of Tourism - Tourism and the factors involved in its development, type of tourism, development process and planning of tourism are studied in the geography of tourism.

Class 10 Solution Geography

30. Why is 'Resource Geography' known as an important branch of economic geography?

Answer: Resource geography is called an important branch of economic geography because resource generally refers to all objects freely available in nature. But free resources of nature become economic resources only when people develop these objects as their own needs. All the things found on earth are necessary for human beings. Because these objects meet the basic needs of the people. Without the resource of nature, man cannot create anything. That is, the resource of nature is the source of human economic resource. That is why resource geography is considered an important branch of economic geography

31. 'Resource is dynamic'. Explain. 
Answer: All the material found on earth is known as a resource. Although there must be three characteristics to be a resource. Such as - utility, functionality, and variability. The variability is also one of the three characteristics. That is, a resource can take different forms at different times or people can change different forms at different times depending on their own needs. For example, when humans were not aware of the use of coal or mineral oil in the production of energy, these materials were not considered to be resources. But with the development of technology, people are using coal, mineral oil or other natural materials in different forms to suit their needs. That is, their forms have changed into resources. That is why the resource is dynamic.

32. Briefly discuss the necessities of resources with examples.
Answer: Objects that meet the needs of people's daily life are called resource. Such as water, wind, sunlight, plants, soil etc. With these objects found in nature, people fulfil their basic needs. People change the form or size of resources according to their own needs. As the range of human knowledge increases, man has created new resources from the resources available in nature. For example, man-made houses, roads, mills, factories, vehicles, and other things made from the objects and materials available in nature. It means, resources are needed and the resources available from nature are the base of man-made resources.

33. Write in brief about the relationship between resources and man.
Answer: There is a common relationship between resource and man. Because people fulfil the basic needs of daily life through the resources they get from nature. That is, human beings are fulfilling their own needs by unveiling or producing the resources available from nature. Without resource, it is impossible to live a life. For example, human houses are made from various materials and metals obtained from nature like plants, rocks, sand etc. Thus, human beings have an inherent connection with the resource.

34. Briefly discuss the relationship between resource and science-technology.
Answer: There is a close connection between resources and science-technology. With the advancement of science and technology, many of the neutral stuff or materials have become valuable resources. For example, coal and mineral oil were not considered resources at one time because people did not know how to use them. But with the advent of science and technology, people have been able to transform it into energy. As a result, they have become valuable resources. Similarly, the Damodar River in West Bengal was once considered a terrible problem. But with the help of science and technology, it became a valuable national resource from the time when the dam was built to generate electricity.

35. Write about the classification of resources with examples.
Answer: There are many types of resources available on earth. We can classify these as given below. 
1. On the basis of the process of origin - According to the process of origin, a resource can be divided into three categories, namely: (a) natural resources like water, air, sunlight etc. (b) man-made resources like paper, cloth etc.  and (c) human resources
2. On the basis of physical structure - On the basis of physical structure, resources can be mainly divided into two types, namely - (a) biotic resources like plants, animals etc. and  (b) abiotic resources like soil, rock, water etc.
3. In terms of availability or durability - In terms of availability or durability resources are divided into two categories, namely, (a) renewable resources like sunshine, water, soil etc. and  (b) non-renewable resources like coal, mineral oil etc.
4. On the basis of ownership - On the basis of ownership resources can be divided into three categories, namely, (a) personal resources like land, household items etc.  (b) national resources like transport network, agricultural crops etc. and  (c) international resources like oceans, seas etc.
5. In terms of Distribution - In terms of distribution, resources are of two categories, namely, (a) ubiquitous resources like sunshine, heat, air etc, and (b) localised resources like minerals such as iron ore, petroleum etc.

Class 10 Solution Geography

36. Write the classification of resources with examples.

Answer: There are many types of resources available in the world. We can divide these into different categories.

1. According to the process of origin - We can divide the resources into three categories according to the process of origin, such as - 1. Natural resources 2. Man-made resources 3. Human resources.

2. According to structure - According to the structure, we can divide the resources into two main categories, such as - 1. Biotic resources, and 2. Abiotic resources.

3. According to availability or durability - Resources are divided into two categories according to availability or durability, e.g. 1. Renewable resources, and 2. Non-renewable resources.

4. In terms of ownership - We can divide resources into three categories according to ownership, such as - 1. Personal resources 2. National resources, and 3. International resources.

 

37. What is meant by natural resource? Write briefly with examples.

Answer: All the resources that are formed and distributed in nature are called natural resources. Such as - air, water, sunlight, coal, mineral oil, etc.  According to the structure, natural resources can be divided into (a) biotic, and (b) abiotic resources. Again, according to availability and sustainability, we can divide natural resources into (a) renewable and (b) non-renewable resources.

 

38. What is a man-made resource? Write briefly about its use with examples.

Answer: The resources that people create through their knowledge and techniques using natural resources as raw materials are called man-made resources. For example, plants are natural resources. Using the plants of nature as raw material, people use it to make houses and various kinds of furniture. These houses and furniture are man-made resources. Natural resources become valuable resources only when people turn them into man-made resources according to their needs. The use of man-made resources is infinite. The real welfare and development of human society are possible only through man-made resources.

 

39. What are the differences between renewable and non-renewable resources? Discuss briefly with examples. (H. S. L. C. 2012)

Answer: Natural resources are divided into two categories according to their availability and sustainability, namely, renewable resources and non-renewable resources. The differences between these two types of resources are –

Non-renewable resources are naturally limited resources such as coal, mineral oil, gold, silver, etc. These resources gradually run out with continuous use.

Renewable resources, on the other hand, are those resources that can be recreated or reproduced even if they are used up. For example, paddy, animals, plants, etc.