COGNITION
AND EMOTION
As
we all realize that a child learns as he develops with time and the information he procures, through his idea, experience, sense, and so on all is
cognition. Cognition of a youngster becomes matured as he develops. In this
manner, we can say that cognition is the scholarly/intellectual capacity to
grasp, retaining/memorizing, thinking and comprehension.
Following
are the components/elements of cognition:
1.
Perception: A person can see, hear or become mindful of
something through faculties or senses.
2.
Memory: Memory is the intellectual component in cognition. Memory enables the
human mind to store, code or recover data from the past whenever required.
3.
Attention: Under this procedure, our brain permits to think upon different
activities with the utilization of our faculties or senses.
4.
Thought: Thought is the dynamic procedure of reasoning. Thoughts help us in
setting up the connection between events and learning by coordinating all the
information that we got.
5.
Language: Language and thoughts are interrelated with one another. Language is
the capacity to express our thoughts with the assistance of verbally expressed
words.
6.
Learning: Learning is the procurement of information or aptitudes through
study, experience and changing of conduct.
Cognitive characteristics or attributes of children.
According to Piaget the four stages in cognitive development are:
1. Sensorimotor stage: This age begins from birth to 2 years old. At this stage, the children learn through their faculties or senses.
2. Preoperational stage: This stage begins from 2 years and lasts as long as 7 years old. At this stage memory and creative mind (imagination) of a child develops. In this stage, the child is egocentric in nature.
3.
Concrete Operational Stage: This stage begins from 7 years and lasts as long as
11 years. Egocentric thoughts lessen here. Activity thinking or operational
thinking is created in this stage.
4.
Formal operational stage: This stage begins from 11 years of age or more. At
this stage, children build up the critical thinking capacity and use of
rationale or logic.
EMOTION
Emotions are strong feeling obtained from one's conditions, temperament, or associations with others. Emotions are a piece of a perspective or state of mind.
Nature and features of emotions:
1.
Emotion is an emotional or subjective experience.
2.
It is a cognizant(conscious) mental response and feelings and thinking which
are conversely related.
3.
Emotions have two assets for example direct perception or indirect perception
or observation.
4.
Emotion makes some external changes which can be seen by others as our outward
appearances and standard of behaviour.
5.
Emotion make some internal changes in our behaviour which can be seen only by
the people who have experienced those feelings.
6.
Emotions are essential for adjustment and survival.
7.
Most diverting emotion is being clueless or misguided.
Elements and factors of
emotions:
One of the primary parts of emotion is expressive
conduct. Expressive conduct is the outward sign that emotion or feeling is
being experienced. Outward indications of emotions are fainting, a flushed
face, muscles tension, facial expressions, tone of voice, rapid breathing,
restlessness or another body language, and so on.
Importance of emotions in education:
1. Positive emotions fortify the child's learning
while negative emotions like discouragement influence the learning
procedure.
2. The force of any emotion may influence learning
whether it is pleasurable or irritating emotion.
3. Learning happens easily when students are not
mentally irritated.
4. Positive emotion builds our inspiration at a
task.
5. Emotion helps in self-improvement just as in the
learning of a child.
Important questions on Cognition and emotion.
1. Schacter and Singer (1962) proposed that which
factors are needed for the experience of emotion?
Answer: Physiological arousal and cognitive
appraisal.
2. Lazarus (1992) developed which theory of
emotion and cognition?
Answer: Cognitive appraisal theory.
3. Zajonc (1980) proposed which theory of
emotion and cognition?
Answer: Affective primacy.
4. The finding that the processing of
emotion-related information can occur more quickly than the processing of
cognitive information supports which theory?”
Answer: Affective primacy.
5. Which type of model did Smith and Kirby
(2000) develop?
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Answer: A multi-level theory.
6. Which of the following implications cannot be derived from Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
Answer: Need for verbal teaching.
7. As a teacher, who firmly believes in social constructivist
theory of Lev Vygotsky, which of the following methods would you prefer for
assessing your students?
Answer: Collaborative projects.
8. According to Lev Vygotsky, the primary cause of cognitive
development is:
Answer: Social interaction.
9. In the context of Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning, under which stage would the given typical response of a child fall? “Your parents will be proud of you if you are honest. So you should be honest.”
Answer: Good girl-good boy orientation.
10. According to Jean Piaget, which of the following is necessary
for learning?
Answer: Active exploration of the environment by the learner.
11. What is the meaning of child development?
Answer: Overall development of the child.
12. What is the meaning of growth?
Answer: Change related to
measurement.
MCQs
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1. Which of the following implications cannot be
derived from Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
(a) Acceptance of individual differences
(b) The sensitivity of children’s readiness to learn
(c) Discovery learning
(d) The need for verbal teaching
Answer: (d)
2. As a teacher, who firmly believes in social
constructivist theory of Lev Vygotsky, which of the following methods would you
prefer for assessing your students?
(a) Collaborative projects
(b) Fact-based recall questions
(c) Standardized tests
(d) Objective multiple-choice type questions
Answer: (a)
3. According to Lev Vygotsky, the primary cause
of cognitive development is:
(a) stimulus-response pairing
(b) social interaction
(c) adjustment of mental schemas
(d) equilibration
Answer: (b)
4. In the context of Kohlberg’s stages of moral
reasoning, under which stage would the given typical response of a child fall?
“Your parents will be proud of you if you are honest. So you should be honest.”
(a) Social contract orientation
(b) Punishment-obedience orientation
(c) Good girl-good boy orientation
(d) Law and order orientation
Answer: (c)
5. According to Jean Piaget, which of the
following is necessary for learning?
(a) Active exploration of the environment by the
learner
(b) Observing the behaviour of adults
(c) Belief in immanent justice
(d) Reinforcement by teachers and parents
Answer: (a)
6. According to Jean Piaget, the schema building
occurs as a result of modifying new information to fit existing schemes and by
modifying old schemes as per new information. These two processes are known as:
(a) assimilation and adaptation
(b) accommodation and adaptation
(c) equilibration and modification
(d) assimilation and accommodation
Answer: (d)
7. According to Piaget, children’s thinking
differs in .......... from adults than in ..........
(a) size, correctness
(b) amount, kind
(c) kind, amount
(d) size, type
Answer: (c)
8. According to Vygotsky, children learn
(a) by maturation.
(b) when reinforcement is offered.
(c) by imitation.
(d) by interacting with adults and peers.
Answer: (d)
9. Kohlberg has given
(a) the stages of cognitive development.
(b) the stages of physical development.
(c) the stages of emotional development.
(d) the stages of moral development.
Answer: (d)
10. According to the pre-conventional level of
Kohlberg's theory, to which of the following would an individual turn when
making a moral decision?
(a) Personal needs and desires
(b) Individual values
(c) Family expectations
(d) Potential punishment involved
Answer: (d)
11. Which one of the following statements about
children would Vygotsky agree with?
(a) Children learn when they are offered lucrative
rewards.
(b) Children's thinking can be understood by
conducting laboratory experiments on animals.
(c) Children are born 'evil' and need to be
controlled through punishment.
(d) Children learn through social interaction with
peers and adults.
Answer: (d)
12. According to Piaget, a child between 2 to 7
years is in the _________ stage of cognitive development.
(a) Formal operational
(b) Concrete operational
(c) Sensorimotor
(d) Preoperational
Answer: (d)
13. In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, which level
signifies the absence of morality in the true sense?
(a) Level III
(b) Level IV
(c) Level I
(d) Level II
Answer: (c)
14. In Vygotsky's theory, which aspect of
development gets neglected
(a) Social
(b) Cultural
(c) Biological
(d) Linguistic
Answer: (c)
15. Which of the following is based on Vygotsky’s
sociocultural theory?
(a) Operant conditioning
(b) Reciprocal teaching
(c) Culture-neutral cognitive development
(d) Insight learning
Answer: (b)
16. Vygotsky emphasized the significance of the role played by which of the following factors in the learning of children?
(a) Moral
(b) Physical
(c) Social
(d) Hereditary
Answer: (c)
17. A teacher makes use of a variety of tasks to cater to the
different learning styles of her learners. She is influenced by
(a) Gardner's multiple intelligence theory
(b) Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
(c) Piaget's cognitive development theory
(d) Kohlberg's moral development theory
Answer: (a)
18. According to Kohlberg, a teacher can
instil moral values in children by
(a) giving strict instructions on 'how to behave'
(b) involving them in discussions on moral issues
(c) laying clear rules of behaviour
(d) giving importance to religious teachings
Answer: (b)
19. According to Piaget’s stages of Cognitive
Development, the sensorimotor stage is associated with
(a) ability to solve problems in a logical fashion
(b) concerns about social issues
(c) ability to interpret and analyse options
(d) imitation, memory and mental representation
Answer: (d)
20. "Children actively construct their
understanding of the world" is a statement attributed to
(a) Piaget
(b) Kohlberg
(c) Pavlov
(d) Skinner
Answer: (a)
21. The 'insight theory of learning' is promoted by
(a) 'Gestalt' theorists
(b) Jean Piaget
(c) Pavlov
(d) Vygotsky
Answer: (a)
22. Four distinct
stages of children's intellectual development are identified by
(a) Erikson
(b) Kohlberg
(c) Skinner
(d) Piaget
Answer: (d)
23. Which of the following statements describes
Piaget and Vygotsky’s views on language and thought correctly?
(a) According to Vygotsky, a thought emerges first and
according to Piaget, language has a profound effect on thought.
(b) Both view language as emerging from the child’s
thought.
(c) According to Piaget, a thought emerges first and
according to Vygotsky, language has a profound effect on thought.
(d) Both views thought as emerging from the child’s
language.
Answer: (c)
24. The concept of ‘private speech’ of children as
proposed by Vygotsky
(a) shows that children are stupid and thus need the guidance of adults.
(b) illustrates that children are egocentric.
(c) shows that children love themselves.
(d) illustrates that children use speech to guide
their own actions.
Answer: (d)
25. According to Vygotsky, learning cannot be
separated from
(a) its social context.
(b) perception & attentional processes.
(c) reinforcement.
(d) a measurable change in behaviour.
Answer: (a)
26. In a
constructivist classroom as envisioned by Piaget and Vygotsky, learning
(a) is constructed by the students themselves who
play an active role.
(b) is an offering of reinforcement by the teacher.
(c) is dictated by the teacher and the students are
passive recipients of the same.
(d) happens by the pairing of a stimulus and a response.
Answer: (a)
27. What is a major criticism of Kohlberg's theory?
(a) Kohlberg did not give clear cut stages of moral
development.
(b) Kohlberg proposed a theory without any empirical
basis.
(c) Kohlberg proposed that moral reasoning is
developmental.
(d) Kohlberg did not account for cultural
differences in moral reasoning of men and women.
Answer: (d)
27. What is a major criticism of Kohlberg's theory?
(a) Kohlberg did not give clear cut stages of moral
development.
(b) Kohlberg proposed a theory without any empirical
basis.
(c) Kohlberg proposed that moral reasoning is
developmental.
(d) Kohlberg did not account for cultural
differences in moral reasoning of men and women.
Answer: (d)
28. Which one of the following statements best
summarizes the relationship between development and learning as proposed by
Vygotsky?
(a) Learning and development are parallel processes.
(b) Development is synonymous with learning
(c) Development process lags behind the learning
process.
(d) Development is independent of learning.
Answer: (c)
29. As a teacher, who firmly believes in social
constructivist theory of Lev Vygotsky, which of the following methods would you
prefer for assessing your students?
(a) Collaborative projects
(b) Standardized tests
(c) Fact-based recall questions
(d) Objective multiple-choice type questions
Answer. (a)
30. To cater to individual differences in his
classroom, a teacher should:
(a) have a uniform and standard ways of teaching and
assessment
(b) segregate and label children based on their
marks
(c) engage in a dialogue with students and value
their perspectives
(d) impose strict rules upon his students
Answer. (c)
31. Assessment is purposeful if:
(a) it induces fear and stress among the students
(b) it serves as a feedback for the students as well
as the teachers
(c) it is done only once at the end of the year
(d) comparative evaluations are made to
differentiate between the students’ achievements
Answer. (b)
32. According to NCF, 2005, the role of a teacher
has to be:
(a) authoritative
(b) dictatorial
(c) permissive
(d) facilitative
Answer. (d)
33. Research suggests that in a diverse classroom, a
teacher’s expectations from her students, ...... their learning.
(a) have a significant impact on
(b) are the sole determinant of
(c) should not be correlated with
(d) do not have any effect on
Answer. (a)
34. Inclusion of children with special needs:
(a) is an unrealistic goal
(b) is detrimental to children without disabilities
(c) will increase the burden on schools
(d) requires a change in attitude, content and
approach to teaching
Answer. (d)
35. “Having a diverse classroom with children from
varied social, economic and cultural backgrounds enrich the learning
experiences of all students.” This statement is:
(a) incorrect, because it can confuse the children
and they may feel lost
(b) correct, because children learn many skills from
their peers
(c) correct, because it makes the classroom more
hierarchical
(d) incorrect, because it leads to unnecessary
competition
Answer. (b)
36. A child with hearing impairment:
(a) should be sent only to a school for the hearing
impaired and not to a regular school
(b) will not benefit from academic education only
and should be given vocational training instead
(c) can do very well in a regular school if suitable
facilitation and resources are provided
(d) will never be able to perform on a par with
classmates in a regular school
Answer. (c)
37. Which of the following is a characteristic of a
gifted learner?
(a) He gets aggressive and frustrated.
(b) He can feel understimulated and bored if the
class activities are not challenging enough.
(c) He is highly temperamental.
(d) He engages in ritualistic behaviour like hand
flapping, rocking, etc.
Answer.
(b)
38. A teacher can enhance effective learning in her
elementary classroom by:
(a) offering rewards for small steps in learning
(b) drill and practice
(c) encouraging competition amongst her students
(d) connecting the content to the lives of the
students
Answer. (d)
39. Which of the following statements about children
are correct?
A. Children are passive recipients of knowledge.
B. Children are problem solvers.
C. Children are scientific investigators.
D. Children are active explorers of the environment.
(a) A, B and D
(b) B, C and D
(c) A, B, C and D
(d) A, B and C
Answer. (b)
40. Which of the following is the most effective
method to encourage conceptual development in students?
(a) New concepts need to be understood on their own
without any reference to the old ones.
(b) Replace the students’ incorrect ideas with
correct ones by asking them to memorize.
(c) Give students multiple examples and encourage
them to use reasoning.
(d) Use punishment until students have made the
required conceptual changes.
Answer. (c)
41. Primary school children will learn most
effectively in an atmosphere:
(a) where their emotional needs are met and they
feel that they are valued
(b) where the teacher is authoritative and clearly
dictates what should be done
(c) where the focus and stress are only on mastering
primarily cognitive skills of reading, writing and mathematics
(d) where the teacher leads all the learning and
expects students to play a passive role
Answer. (a)
42. A child sees a crow flying past the window and
says, “A bird.” What does this suggest about the child’s thinking?
A. The child has previously stored memories.
B. The child has developed the concept of a ‘bird’.
C. The child has developed some tools of language to
communicate her experience.
(a) A and B
(b) B and C
(c) A, B and C
(d) Only B
Answer. (c)
43. What should a teacher tell her students to
encourage them to do tasks with intrinsic motivation?
(a) “Come on, finish it before she does.”
(b) “Why can’t you be like him? See, he has done it
perfectly.”
(c) “Complete the task fast and get a toffee.”
(d) “Try to do it, you will learn.”
Answer. (d)
44. How can a teacher encourage her students to be
intrinsically motivated towards learning for the sake of learning?
(a) By inducing anxiety and fear
(b) By giving competitive tests
(c) By supporting them in setting individual goals
and their mastery
(d) By offering tangible rewards such as toffees
Answer. (c)
45. In an elementary classroom, an effective teacher
should aim at the students to be motivated:
(a) to learn so that they become curious and love
learning for its own sake
(b) to rate memorize so that they become good at
recall
(c) by using punitive measures so that they respect
the teacher
(d) to perform so that they get good marks in the
end of the year examination
Answer. (c)
46. Which of the following is an example of
effective school practice?
(a) Constant comparative evaluation
(b) Corporal punishment
(c) Individualized learning
(d) Competitive classroom
Answer.
(c)
47. The cephalocaudal principle of development
explains how development proceeds from:
(a) general to specific functions
(b) differentiated to integrated functions
(c) head to toe
(d) rural to urban areas
Answer. (c)
48. Which of the following is a sensitive period
of language development?
(a) Prenatal period
(b) Middle childhood period
(c) Adulthood
(d) Early childhood period
Answer. (d)
49. A 6-year-old girl shows exceptional sporting
ability. Both of her parents are sportspersons, send her for coaching every day and train her on weekends. Her capabilities are most likely to be the result of
an interaction between:
(a) heredity and environment
(b) growth and development
(c) health and training
(d) discipline and nutrition
Answer. (a)
50. Which of the following are secondary agents of
socialization?
(a) Family and neighbourhood
(b) School and neighbourhood
(c) School and immediate family members
(d) Family and relatives
Answer. (b)
51. According to Lev Vygotsky, the primary cause of cognitive development is:
(a) equilibration
(b) social interaction
(c) adjustment of mental schemas
(d) stimulus-response pairing
Answer. (b)
52. In the context of Kohlberg’s stages of moral
reasoning, under which stage would the given typical response of a child fall?
“Your parents will be proud of you if you are
honest. So you should be honest.” (a) Punishment-obedience orientation
(b) Social contract orientation
(c) Good girl-good boy orientation
(d) Law and order orientation
Answer. (c)
53. According to Jean Piaget, which of the following
is necessary for learning?
(a) Active exploration of the environment by the
learner
(b) Observing the behaviour of adults
(c) Belief in immanent justice
(d) Reinforcement by teachers and parents
Answer. (a)
54. According to Jean Piaget, schema building occurs
as a result of modifying new information to fit existing schemes and by modifying
old schemes as per new information. These two processes are known as:
(a) accommodation and adaptation
(b) assimilation and adaptation
(c) equilibration and modification
(d) assimilation and accommodation
Answer. (d)
55. In a progressive classroom setup, the teacher
facilitates learning by- providing an environment that:
(a) promotes discovery
(b) is restrictive
(c) discourages inclusion
(d) encourages repetition
Answer. (a)
56. Howard Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligence
(MI) suggests that:
(a) every child should be taught every subject in
eight different ways to develop all of the intelligence
(b) intelligence is solely determined by IQ tests
(c) teachers should use MI as a framework for
devising alternative ways to teach the subject matter
(d) ability is destiny and does not change over a
period
Answer. (c)
57. A 5-year-old girl talks to herself while trying
to fold a T-shirt. Which of the following statements is correct in the context
of the behaviour displayed by the girl?
(a) Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky would explain this
as the egocentric nature of the child’s thoughts.
(b) Jean Piaget would explain this as egocentric
speech, while Lev Vygotsky would explain this as the child’s attempt to
regulate her actions through private speech.
(c) Jean Piaget would explain this as social
interaction, while Lev Vygotsky would explain this as an exploration.
(d) Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky would explain this
as the child’s attempt to imitate her mother,
Answer. (b)
58. ‘Gender’ is a/an:
(a) biological entity
(b) physiological construct
(c) innate quality
(d) social construct
Answer. (d)
CTET 2015
(Paper 1)
1. Which one of the following is best suited
for emotional development of children?
(a) Democratic classroom environment
(b) No involvement of the teachers as it is
the task of the parents
(c) Controlled classroom environment
(d) Authoritarian classroom environment
Answer. (a)
2. Which one of the following is not a
suitable formative assessment task?
(a) Open-ended questions
(b) Project
(c) Observation
(d) Ranking the students
Answer. (d)
3. To be an effective teacher it is important
to
(a) emphasize dictating answers from the book.
(b) focus on individual learning rather than
group activity.
(c) avoid disruption caused due to questioning
by students.
(d) be in touch with each and every child.
Answer. (d)
4. Teachers need to create a good classroom
environment to facilitate children's learning. To create such a learning
environment, which one of the given statements is not true?
(a) Approval of the child's efforts
(b) Compliance with teachers
(c) Acceptance of the child
(d) Positive tone of the teacher
Answer. (b)
5. Given below are some statements about boys
and girls. According to you, which one of these is true? (a) Boys should help
in activities outside the home.
(b) Boys should help in household chores.
(c) All boys should be taught Science and
girls, Home Science.
(d) Girls should help in household chores.
Answer. (b)
6. A child's notebook shows errors in writing
like, reverse images, mirror imaging, etc. Such a child is showing signs of
(a) Learning disadvantage
(b) Learning disability
(c) Learning difficulty
(d) Learning problem
Answer. (b)
7. Teachers, to help learners
construct knowledge, need to focus on
(a) making sure the learner memorises
everything
(b) scores marks obtained by the learner.
(c) involving the learner for active
participation.
(d) mastering learning of concepts by the
learner.
Answer. (c)
8. Giftedness from teacher's point of view is
a combination of
(a) High Ability - High Creativity - High
Commitment
(b) High Motivation - High Commitment - High
Talent
(c) High Ability - High Talent - High
Commitment
(d) High Talent - High Creativity - High
Memory
Answer. (a)
9. According to NCF 2005, errors are important
because they
(a) are an important tool in classifying
students into groups of 'passed' and 'failed'.
(b) provide a way to the teachers to scold the
children.
(c) provide an insight into the child's
thinking and help to identify solutions.
(d) provide space for removing some children
from the class.
Answer. (c)
10. Out-of-the-box' thinking is related to
(a) Consistent Thinking
(b) Memory-based Thinking
(c) Divergent Thinking
(d) Convergent Thinking
Answer. (c)
11. The assessment of students can be used by
teachers in teaching to develop insight into
(a) identifying the students who need to be
promoted to the higher class.
(b) not promoting those students who do not
meet school standards.
(c) changing the teaching approach
according to the learners' need.
(d) creating groups of 'bright' and 'weak'
students in the class.
Answer. (c)
12. Learning experiences should be planned in
a manner to make learning meaningful. Which of the given learning
experiences does not facilitate meaningful learning for the children?
(a) Repetition based on mere recall of content
(b) Formulating questions on content
(c) Discussion and debate on the topic
(d) Presentation on the topic
Answer. (a)
13. Giving punishment, verbal or non-verbal,
to the children results in
(a) motivating them to work.
(b) protecting the child's image.
(c) improving their scores.
(d) damaging their self-concept.
Answer. (d)
14. Which one out of the following provides
information about the roles and behaviours which are acceptable in a group,
during the early childhood period?
(a) Siblings and Teachers
(b) Teachers and Peers
(c) Peers and Parents
(d) Parents and Siblings
Answer. (d)
15. Making students members of a cleanliness
community to motivate them for the same, reflects
(a) Socio-cultural conceptions of motivation
(b) Behaviouristic approach to motivation
(c) A humanistic approach to motivation
(d) A cognitive approach to motivation
Answer. (a)
16. Which of the following age groups falls
under the later childhood category?
(a) 11 to 18 years
(b) 18 to 24 years
(c) Birth to 6 years
(d) 6 to 11 years
Answer. (d)
17. Aarjav says that language development is
influenced by one's innate predisposition while Sonali feels that it is because
of the environment. This discussion between Aarjav and Sonali is about
(a) Critical and Sensitive feeling
(b) Stability and Instability argument
(c) Continuous and Discontinuous learning
(d) Nature and Nurture debate
Answer. (d)
18. The teacher noticed that Pushpa cannot
solve a problem on her own. However, she does so in the presence of adult or
peer guidance. This guidance is called
(a) Lateralization
(b) Pre-operational thinking
(c) Zone of proximal development
(d) Scaffolding
Answer. (d)
19. A teacher labelled the head of a committee, as 'chairperson' instead of 'chairman'. It indicates that the
teacher
(a) follows a more acceptable term
(b) has a good command of the language
(c) is using a gender-free language
(d) has gender bias
Answer. (d)
20. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation is
essential for
(a) fine-tuning of test with the teaching
(b) diluting the accountability of the Board
of Education
(c) correcting less-frequent errors more than
more-frequent errors
(d) understanding how learning can be
observed, recorded and improved upon
Answer. (d)
21. In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, which level
signifies the absence of morality in the true sense?
(a) Level III
(b) Level IV
(c) Level I
(d) Level II
Answer. (c)
22. Which one of the following is not correct
for the progressive model of socialization of children?
(a) Active participation in group work and
learning social skills.
(b) Children accept what they are offered by
the school irrespective of their social backgrounds.
(c) There should be a place for democracy in
the classroom.
(d) Socialization is the adoption of social
Answer. (b)
23. In learning, assessment is essential for
(a) Grades and Marks
(b) Screening test
(c) Motivation
(d) Fostering of the purpose of segregation
and ranking'
Answer. (c)
24. Fitting new information into existing
schemes are known as
(a) Accommodation
(b) Equilibration
(c) Assimilation
(d) Organisation
Answer. (c)
25. We all differ in terms of our
intelligence, motivation, interest, etc. This principle refers to
(a) Individual difference
(b) Theories of Intelligence
(c) Heredity
(d) Environment
Answer. (a)
26. Students of disadvantaged groups should be
taught along with the normal students. It implies
(a) Inclusive Education
(b) Special Education
(c) Integrated Education
(d) Exclusive Education
Answer. (a)
27. "Anyone can become angry - that is
easy, but to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right
time, for the right purpose, and in the right way - that is not easy."
This is related to
(a) Emotional development
(b) Social development
(c) Cognitive development
(d) Physical development
Answer. (a)
28. Deficiency in the ability to write,
associated with impaired handwriting, is a symptom of
(a) Dysgraphia
(b) Dyspraxia
(c) Dyscalculia
(d) Dyslexia
Answer. (a)
29. According to Piaget theory, which one out
of the following will not influence one's cognitive development?
(a) Language
(b) Social experiences
(c) Maturation
(d) Activity
Answer. (c)
30. Which of these does not imply practical
intelligence in the Triarchic theory?
(a) Reshaping the environment
(b) Thinking practically about oneself only
(c) Choosing an environment in which you can
succeed
(d) Adapting to the environment
Answer. (b)
CTET 2014 (Paper 1)
1. Cognitive development is supported by
(a) conducting relevant and well-designed
tests as frequently as possible
(b) presenting activities that reinforce
traditional methods
(c) Providing a rich and varied environment
(d) focusing more on individual activities in
comparison to collaboration
Answer. (c)
2. Human development is
(a) quantitative
(b) qualitative
(c) unmeasurable to a certain extent
(d) both quantitative and qualitative
Answer. (d)
3. The nature-nurture debate refers to
(a) genetics and environment
(b) behaviour and environment
(c) environment and biology
(d) environment and upbringing
Answer. (a)
4. Which of the following is a passive
agency of socialization?
(a) Health club
(b) Family
(c) Eco-club
(d) Public library
Answer. (d)
5. In Vygotsky's theory, which aspect of
development gets neglected
(a) Social
(b) Cultural
(c) Biological
(d) Linguistic
Answer. (c)
6. Which of the following stages are
involved when infants "THINK" with their eyes, ears and hands?
(a) Concrete operational stage
(b) Pre-operational stage
(c) Sensorimotor stage
(d) Formal operational stage
Answer. (c)
7. Ria does not agree with Rishabh about
setting up a class picnic. She thinks that the rules can be revised to suit the
majority. This kind of peer disagreement, according to Piaget, refers to
(a) Heteronomous morality
(b) Cognitive immaturity
(c) Reaction
(d) Morality of cooperation
Answer. (d)
8. Which one of the following is a form
of Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?
(a) Practical Intelligence
(b) Experimental Intelligence
(c) Resourceful Intelligence
(d) Mathematical Intelligence
Answer. (a)
9. Who developed the first Intelligence
test?
(a) David Wechsler
(b) Alfred Binet
(c) Charles Edward Spearman
(d) Robert Sternberg
Answer. (b)
10. Phonological awareness refers to the
ability to
(a) reflect and manipulate the sound structure
(b) speak fluently and accurately
(c) know, understand and write
(d) master the rules of grammar
Answer. (a)
11. Gender discrimination in a classroom
(a) Does not affect the performance of the
students
(b) May lead to diminished effort or
performance of the students
(c) May lead to the diminished effort, or
performance of the male students
(d) is done more by the male teachers than
their female counterparts
Answer. (b)
12. Which of the following is an example
of learning style?
(a) Visual
(b) Accrual
(c) Factual
(d) Tactual
Answer. (a)
13. A teacher collects and reads the work
of the class, then plans and adjust the next lesson to meet student needs. He/
She is doing
(a) Assessment of learning
(b) Assessment as learning
(c) Assessment for learning
(d) Assessment at learning
Answer. (c)
14. Teachers who work under School-Based
Assessment
(a) are overburdened as they need to take
frequent tests in addition to Monday tests
(b) need to assign projects to work in each
subject to individual students
(c) observe students minutely daily
to assess their values and attitudes
(d) feel a sense of ownership for the system
Answer. (d)
15. "How do grades differ from
marks?" This question belongs to which of the following classes of the question?
(a) Divergent
(b) Analytic
(c) Open-ended
(d) Problem-solving
Answer. (b)
16. Girls students
(a) learn questions on mathematics well but
face difficulty only when they are asked to reason them out
(b) are as good in mathematics as boys of
their age
(c) perform less competently in spatial
concepts than boys of their age
(d) possess more linguistic and musical
abilities
Answer. (b)
17. Difficulties in recalling sequence of
letters in words and frequent loss of visual memory are associated with
(a) Dyslexia
(b) Dyscalculia
(c) Dysgraphia
(d) Dyspraxia
Answer. (a)
18. 'Education-of-all-in-schools-for-all'
could be a tagline for which of the following?
(a) Cohesive education
(b) Inclusive education
(c) Cooperative education
(d) Exclusive education
Answer. (b)
19. Fluency, elaboration originality and
flexibility are the factors associated with
(a) giftedness
(b) talent
(c) divergent thinking
(d) acceleration
Answer. (a)
20. Gifted students may be asked to spend
more time on questions dealing with
(a) remembering
(b) understanding
(c) creating
(d) analysing
Answer. (c)
21. Learning disabilities in Mathematics
can be assessed most appropriately by which of the following tests?
(a) Aptitude tests
(b) Diagnostic tests
(c) Screening tests
(d) Achievement tests
Answer. (b)
22. Concept maps are most likely to
increase understanding of the new concept by
(a) Transferring knowledge between content
areas
(b) Focusing attention on specific details
(c) Prioritizing academic content for study
(d) Increasing the ability to organize information
logically
Answer. (d)
23. According to the theory of social
learning of Albert Bandura, which of the following is true?
(a) Play is essential and should be given
priority in school.
(b) Modelling is a principal way for children
to learn
(c) An unresolved crisis can harm a child.
(d) Cognitive development is independent of
social development
Answer. (c)
24. Deductive reasoning involves
(a) reasoning from general to particular
(b) reasoning from particular to general
(c) active construction and reconstruction of
knowledge
(d) methods including inquiry learning and
heuristics
Answer. (a)
25. When children learn a concept and use
it, practice helps in reducing the errors committed by them. This idea was
given by
(a) E.L. Thorndike
(b) Jean Piaget
(c) J.B. Watson
(d) Lev Vygotsky
Answer. (a)
26. Which of the following skill is
associated with emotional intelligence?
(a) Memorising
(b) Motor processing
(c) Envisaging
(d) Empathising
Answer. (d)
27. The inner force that stimulates and
compels a behavioural response and provide specific direction to that response
is
(a) Motive
(b) Perseverance
(c) Emotion
(d) Commitment
Answer. (a)
28. Which term is often used
interchangeably with the term "motivation"?
(a) Incentive
(b) Emotion
(c) Need
(d) Inspiration
Answer. (c)
29. ________ motives deal with the need
to reach satisfying feeling states and to obtain personal goals.
(a) Effective
(b) Affective
(c) Preservation-oriented
(d) Safety-oriented
Answer. (b)
30. Which one of the following is a
factor that affects learning positively?
(a) Fear of failure
(b) Competition with peers
(c) Meaningful association
(d) Pressure from parents
Answer. (c)
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