THE GROWTH OF INDIAN NATIONALISM

(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(C) A is true, but R is false.

(D) A is false, but R is true.

No.	Assertion (A)	Reason (R)	Answer
1	The Battle of Plassey in 1757 marked the beginning of British political control over India.	Trade interests necessitated political control, leading the East India Company to transform from a trading body to a paramount political power.	(A)
2	The Revolt of 1857 was, to a great extent, an attempt by Indians to achieve political freedom.	The rebels aimed to drive away the British and install Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II as their actual ruler.	(A)
3	Western education was a potent factor in the birth of Indian nationalism.	It exposed educated Indians to the liberal and radical thoughts of thinkers like Rousseau, Voltaire, and Mill.	(A)
4	The British conceived the new system of education to create a subservient class of Indians.	However, this system opened the floodgates of new ideas like nationalism and self-government to the newly educated Indians.	(B)
5	The Wood's Despatch of 1854 is considered the first comprehensive plan for the spread of the modern system of education in India.	It presented a systematic educational hierarchy from primary school through college to university.	(A)
6	Lord Macaulay advocated for the introduction of Western education with English as the medium of instruction.	Macaulay was the Law Member of the Governor General's Council in 1835 and President of the Committee on Public Instruction.	(A)
7	The patriotic poem Sare Jahan Se Achha roused a strong sense of nationalism among the people.	The lyricist of the song was Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, and it was included in his novel Anandamath .	(C)
8	The development of modern means of transport and communication helped in the growth of nationalism.	The modern means of communication broke the isolation and forged a link between the people living in distant areas.	(A)
9	Lord Dalhousie initiated plans for the improvement of transport and communication in India.	The first railway line connecting Bombay and Thana was inaugurated in 1853 during his tenure.	(A)
10	The first electric telegraph line of 800 miles was erected from Calcutta to Agra in 1854.	The electric telegraph system was brought under the government sector during the period of Lord Dalhousie.	(A)
11	Raja Ram Mohun Roy is called the forerunner of Indian nationalism.	He sought to affect a cultural synthesis between the East and the West and laid the foundation for social, religious, and political movements.	(A)

12	Raja Ram Mohun Roy established the Brahmo Sabha in 1828.	He established the Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta in 1815.	(B)
13	Raja Ram Mohun Roy vehemently attacked polytheism and idol worship.	He translated the Upanishads, which he concluded propounded the concept of one God.	(A)
14	Raja Ram Mohun Roy fought for the abolition of Sati.	His support convinced Lord William Bentinck (1828-35) to abolish Sati permanently.	(A)
15	Christian Missionaries had established a printing press at Sreerampore Mission with the objective of the propagation of Christianity.	Raja Ram Mohun Roy wrote articles on the Hindu religion in his pamphlets to defend Hinduism from the missionaries' hostile comments.	(B)
16	The Revolt of 1857 marked the beginning of national awakening in India.	Though the revolt failed, its results were far-reaching in awakening a new consciousness.	(A)
17	Educated Indians were inspired by the heroic stories of the American War of Independence and the Unification of Germany and Italy.	They were inspired by the ideas of Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour, which prepared them to work for national unity.	(A)
18	The British initiated plans for improving transport and communication in India.	This was primarily necessitated by military defence and commercial exploitation, such as dumping British-manufactured goods in the Indian market.	(A)
19	The Charter Act of 1813 was significant in the history of Indian education.	It provided for an annual expenditure of rupees one lakh to be spent on educating the Indians.	(A)
20	Raja Ram Mohun Roy helped to found the Hindu College in Calcutta in 1817.	He believed in the importance of Western education for the advancement of the country.	(A)
21	The Mughal Empire started disintegrating after the death of Aurangzeb (1658-1709).	The English East India Company took advantage of this situation to interfere in politics and establish its sway over India.	(A)
22	Raja Ram Mohun Roy denounced casteism, child marriage, and polygamy.	He sought to improve the condition of women and gave social recognition to widow remarriage.	(A)
23	Lord Macaulay advocated for English as the medium of instruction.	Sir Charles Wood, in his Despatch, encouraged vernacular at the school level but English at the university level.	(B)

24	The Grand Trunk Road was constructed between Calcutta and Delhi in 1839.	It was later extended to Peshawar during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie.	(B)
25	Educated Indians developed a new consciousness in the nineteenth century.	This new consciousness gave birth to a new India, just as a new Europe was born as a result of the Renaissance.	(A)
26	Raja Ram Mohun Roy translated the Upanishads into simple and lucid Bengali.	This action not only enriched the Bengali language but also broke the age-old domination of orthodox Brahmins.	(A)
27	Raja Ram Mohun Roy's Brahmo Samaj condemned elaborate rituals associated with idol worship as meaningless.	God, for him, was shapeless, invisible, omnipotent, and omnipresent, as derived from the ancient scriptures.	(A)
28	The British administrators used administrative convenience as one of the justifications for developing transport and communication.	This development was also crucial for the military defence of the growing British territory in India.	(A)
29	The slogan of 'Bande Mataram' roused a strong sense of nationalism among the people.	It was a patriotic poem included in Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's novel Anandamath .	(A)
30	Railway networks were started between Sadiya and Dibrugarh in Assam in 1883.	This specific railway construction was done keeping in mind trade opportunities in tea.	(A)
31	Western education caused a change in outlook among Indians.	Reason replaced blind faith, and they developed the capability to judge the exploitative nature of the foreign rule.	(A)
32	Raja Ram Mohun Roy advocated for the separation of the judiciary from the executive.	He also urged the government to reduce the amount of land revenue for the poor peasants.	(B)
33	The East India Company transformed itself from a mere trading body to a paramount political power.	The trade interests of the company were completely fulfilled without the need for political control.	(C)
34	The first railway line of 21 miles connected Bombay and Thana.	In 1854, railway construction was started in Madras.	(B)
35	The first telegraph was laid between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour in 1839.	The first laying of the telegraph was done by the government sector.	(C)

36	Educated Indians were inspired by the ideas of nationalism, democracy, and self-government.	These ideas profoundly affected their thinking after they came in contact with the liberal and radical thoughts of thinkers.	(A)
37	Raja Ram Mohun Roy established the Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta in 1815.	His determination was to purge Hinduism of the abuses that had crept into it.	(A)
38	The socio-religious reform movements were crucial for the growth of nationalism.	Liberal and humanistic ideas, following the introduction of Western education, gave birth to a new awakening against social evils and religious superstitions.	(A)
39	The British rule in India had both negative and positive effects.	The supply of raw materials from India to Britain and the dumping of manufactured goods necessitated the development of transport, a positive effect.	(A)
40	The Wood's Despatch of 1854 encouraged the growth of educational institutions.	A system of grant-in-aid was laid down for educational institutions, and scholarships were presented to meritorious students.	(A)
41	Mrs. Anne Besant founded the Central Hindu School in Banaras in 1898.	She wanted to revive among Indians a sense of self-respect and pride for India's past by reviving ancient ideals and institutions.	(A)
42	The East India Company established its undisputed sway over India through a gradual process.	The disintegration of the Mughal Empire after Aurangzeb's death provided the opportunity for this process.	(A)
43	The newly educated Indians began to convey their ideas of liberty and equality to the masses.	They used their writings and the printing press to spread these ideas.	(A)
44	Lord Dalhousie was responsible for the extension of the Grand Trunk Road to Peshawar.	He was Governor-General during the period 1848-1856.	(B)
45	Raja Ram Mohun Roy fought for the right of women to inherit property.	He did not confine himself only to the reformation of the Hindu religion but also contributed towards social reformation.	(B)
46	The Revolt of 1857 failed in its goal to drive away the British.	The revolt marked the beginning of national awakening in India.	(B)
47	The British built railways in India.	They wanted to facilitate the quick supply of raw materials from India to feed British industries.	(A)

48	Christian Missionaries established a printing press at Sreerampore Mission in 1797.	The missionaries used their newsmagazines to pass derogatory remarks on Hinduism, leading to a reaction from reformers.	(A)
49	Raja Ram Mohun Roy re-interpreted the Vedas and Upanishads.	This re-interpretation showed that the concept of one God was propounded by these ancient scriptures.	(A)
50	The British established their political control over India quickly after 1709.	It took a gradual process, as they interfered in politics after the disintegration of the Mughal Empire.	(D)
51	Major Jenkins' efforts led to rapid industrialisation in sectors like tea, coal, and oil in nineteenth-century Assam.	Steamships were first seen in the river Brahmaputra during this period.	(B)
52	Lord Macaulay died in 1859.	He was the one who advocated for English as the medium of instruction in 1835.	(B)
53	Western education was the only factor that led to the growth of Indian nationalism.	The role of transport, communication, and socio-religious reform movements was also significant.	(D)
54	Raja Ram Mohun Roy published two handwritten pamphlets, Brahman Sabadhi and Brahman Missionary Sangbad .	He did this to defend Hinduism from the hostile comments of the Christian missionaries.	(A)
55	The first comprehensive plan for modern education in India was the Charter Act of 1813.	Wood's Despatch (1854) was the first comprehensive plan for a modern system of education.	(D)
56	The new consciousness in the nineteenth century led to the development of a sense of national unity.	The educated Indians were inspired by European national unification movements.	(A)
57	Raja Ram Mohun Roy gave social recognition to inter-caste marriage.	He felt that the corruptions in the Hindu religion were a creation of a later age, mainly the work of the orthodox Brahmins.	(B)
58	Educated Indians developed the capacity to judge the nature of foreign rule.	They believed that the British rule was a non-exploitative form of governance.	(C)
59	Anne Besant was an American lady who came and settled in India in 1893.	She was instrumental in reorganising and popularising the Theosophical Society movement in India.	(D)

60	The British Parliament provided for an annual expenditure of rupees one lakh for educating Indians.	This provision was made in the Charter Act of 1813.	(A)
61	The East India Company's transformation to a political power was driven by its trade interests.	It felt that political control was necessary to secure its commercial objectives.	(A)
62	Western education led to a sense of responsibility toward society, race, and country among Indians.	It led to reason replacing blind faith and a change in outlook.	(A)
63	Sir Charles Wood recommended the establishment of an Education Department in all provinces.	He presented the Wood's Despatch, which proposed a systematic educational hierarchy.	(A)
64	The development of railways was crucial for connecting the major cities, ports, and markets of India.	The British needed to connect these points to facilitate the quick supply of raw materials and distribution of manufactured goods.	(A)
65	Raja Ram Mohun Roy is referred to as a multifaceted personality.	He contributed equally towards religious reform, social reformation, and the spread of education.	(A)
66	The educated Indians were inspired by the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.	These events boosted their morale and provided heroic stories of liberation.	(A)
67	The Revolt of 1857 was unsuccessful in achieving its immediate goal.	The Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II was not successfully made the actual ruler of India.	(A)
68	The first railway line was 21 miles long.	It connected Calcutta and Diamond Harbour in 1853.	(C)
69	The Brahmo Sabha was established in 1828.	It was earlier known as the Atmiya Sabha.	(B)
70	Anne Besant instilled a new spirit of national sentiment among educated Indians.	She reminded them about the richness of Indian philosophy, culture, and heritage.	(A)
71	The British introduced Western education in India.	This was done to encourage the Indians to revolt against British rule.	(C)
72	Lord Dalhousie brought the electric telegraph system under the government sector in 1851.	He wanted to break the isolation and forge a link between people in distant areas.	(A)

73	Raja Ram Mohun Roy worked for the codification of the civil and criminal laws.	He approached the British to bring about liberal reforms in the administration.	(A)
74	Aurangzeb's death in 1709 led to the disintegration of the Mughal Empire.	This disintegration was not a factor in the English East India Company's rise to power.	(C)
75	Educated Indians were inspired by the ideas of political thinkers like Rousseau and Mill.	They used the idea of "divide and rule" to unify the country.	(C)
76	Raja Ram Mohun Roy published Brahman Sabadhi .	He aimed to highlight the similarities between the tenets of different religions of the world.	(A)
77	The Grand Trunk Road was constructed to connect Calcutta and Peshawar.	This extension was completed in 1839.	(D)
78	The introduction of the new education system was conceived to create a permanent class of subservient Indians.	The system failed to achieve its primary objective.	(B)
79	The Theosophical Society was originally founded in New York in 1875.	Its branch was opened in India at Adyar in Madras in 1885.	(B)
80	The defeat of Siraj-ud-daulah in the Battle of Plassey was a turning point.	It took place in 1757, marking the beginning of British political control.	(A)
81	Raja Ram Mohun Roy contributed to the enrichment of the Bengali language and literature.	He translated the Upanishads into simple and lucid Bengali.	(A)
82	The Western education system included grant-in-aid to encourage the growth of educational institutions.	Sir Charles Wood recommended this system in his Despatch.	(A)
83	The necessities of military defense prompted the British to develop transport and communication.	This was because the British needed to quickly move troops to suppress revolts or defend borders.	(A)
84	The Christian Missionaries did not receive any protest for their derogatory remarks on Hinduism.	Raja Ram Mohun Roy protested and published pamphlets to defend Hinduism.	(D)
85	The Revolt of 1857 was a minor uprising with no long-term consequences.	The revolt marked the beginning of national awakening in India, with far-reaching results.	(D)

86	The patriotic song Sare Jahan Se Achha was written by the Urdu poet Muhammad Ikbal.	It was first published in the weekly journal Ittehad in its 16th August 1904 issue.	(A)
87	Raja Ram Mohun Roy and David Hare collaborated to found the Hindu College in Calcutta.	The college was later renamed Presidency College in 1855.	(A)
88	The modern means of communication promoted isolation among people living in distant areas.	The development of post and telegraph services forged a link between the people.	(D)
89	Raja Ram Mohun Roy was born in an orthodox Brahmin family in West Bengal.	He actively promoted casteism and the purdah system throughout his life.	(C)
90	Inspired by European unification, educated Indians became ready to work for national unity and liberation.	They were specifically influenced by the ideas of Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour.	(A)
91	The English East India Company's rise to power was undisputed over the whole of India.	This was achieved through a gradual process of interfering in politics.	(A)
92	Sir Charles Wood's Despatch (1854) encouraged English at the school level and vernacular at the university level.	The Wood's Despatch encouraged vernacular at the school level and English at the university level.	(D)
93	Raja Ram Mohun Roy's campaign for the abolition of Sati was successful.	Lord William Bentinck abolished Sati permanently due to Raja Ram Mohun Roy's support.	(A)
94	The proposal for the construction of a network of railways was made in 1832.	The plan was to model the Indian railway network on the system prevalent in the United States.	(C)
95	Western education caused a new spirit of awakening among Indians.	It enabled them to judge the foreign rule and develop a sense of national responsibility.	(A)
96	Presidency College was established in 1817 in Calcutta.	It was originally founded as the Hindu College.	(A)
97	The first electric line in India was from Calcutta to Agra.	This line was 800 miles long and was erected in 1854.	(A)
98	The new awakening in the 19th century was a result of the liberal and humanistic ideas of the West.	A few educated Indians tried to motivate public opinion against social evils and religious superstitions.	(A)

99	The term 'Growth of Indian Nationalism' refers only to political awakening.	It was also heavily influenced by the role of socio-religious reform and economic factors like transport.	(D)
100	Anne Besant loved India like her motherland.	She was an Irish lady who popularised the Theosophical movement in India and started the Central Hindu School.	(B)
101	A new India was born in the nineteenth century.	This was a result of the new consciousness that arose from Western education, mirroring the European Renaissance.	(A)
102	Raja Ram Mohun Roy's reforms were universally welcomed by all Hindus.	The orthodox Brahmins were generally against his re-interpretation of the Vedas and Upanishads.

 

Read More