1. What is the latitudinal extent of India?
Answer: India
lies between 8°4′N and 37°6′N latitudes.
2. What is the longitudinal extent of India?
Answer: India
lies between 68°7′E and 97°25′E longitudes.
3. Which latitude is known as the Tropic of Cancer?
Answer: 23°30′
North latitude.
4. Which longitude passes near the centre of India?
Answer: 82°30′
East longitude.
5. What is the Indian Standard Time based on?
Answer: The
longitude of 82°30′ E.
6. Name the southernmost point of mainland India.
Answer: Kanyakumari.
7. Name the southernmost point of India.
Answer: Indira
Point.
8. Which ocean lies to the south of India?
Answer: Indian
Ocean.
9. Which sea lies to the west of India?
Answer: Arabian
Sea.
10. Which bay lies to the east of India?
Answer: Bay of
Bengal.
11. How many states are there in India (as mentioned
in the chapter)?
Answer: 28
states.
12. How many Union Territories are there in India
(as mentioned in the chapter)?
Answer: 8 Union
Territories.
13. Which country shares the longest boundary with
India?
Answer: Bangladesh.
14. Which mountain range lies in the north of
India?
Answer: The
Himalayas.
15. Name the highest mountain peak in India.
Answer: Kangchenjunga.
16. What separates India from Central Asia?
Answer: The
Himalayan mountain ranges.
17. Which physical feature lies between the
Himalayas and the Peninsular Plateau?
Answer: Northern
Plains.
18. Which plateau lies south of the Northern
Plains?
Answer: Peninsular
Plateau.
19. Name the oldest landmass of India.
Answer: Peninsular
Plateau.
20. Which physical division is formed by river
deposits?
Answer: Northern
Plains.
21. Name the main rivers of the Northern Plains.
Answer: The Indus,
Ganga and Brahmaputra.
22. Which desert lies in western India?
Answer: Thar
Desert.
23. Which coastal plain lies along the Bay of
Bengal?
Answer: Eastern
Coastal Plains.
24. Which coastal plain lies along the Arabian Sea?
Answer: Western
Coastal Plains.
25. Name the island group in the Bay of Bengal.
Answer: Andaman
and Nicobar Islands.
26. Name the island group in the Arabian Sea.
Answer:
Lakshadweep Islands.
27. Why is India called a subcontinent?
Answer: India is referred to as a subcontinent due to its large size and distinct geographical
features.
28. Which continent is India a part of?
Answer: Asia.
29. What type of climate does India have?
Answer: Monsoon-type climate.
30. Which winds bring rainfall to India?
Answer: Southwest
monsoon winds.
31. What is the total area of India?
Answer: About 3.28 million sq km.
32. What rank does India hold in area in the world?
Answer: Seventh.
33. What rank does India hold in terms of population in the world?
Answer: Second.
34. Which hemisphere is India located in?
Answer: Northern and Eastern Hemispheres.
35. Which latitude divides India into two halves?
Answer: Tropic of Cancer.
36. Which line determines Indian Standard Time?
Answer: 82°30′ E longitude.
37. Why does India not follow local time?
Answer: India does not follow local time to maintain uniform time across the country.
38. Which country lies to the northwest of India?
Answer: Pakistan.
39. Which country lies to the northeast of India?
Answer: China.
40. Which country lies to the south of India across the sea?
Answer: Sri Lanka.
41. Name two neighbouring countries of India.
Answer: Pakistan and Bangladesh.
42. Which country lies between India and Myanmar?
Answer: Bangladesh.
43. Which country lies north of India?
Answer: China.
44. Which country shares a boundary with India in the west?
Answer: Pakistan.
45. Which island country lies to the southeast of India?
Answer: Sri Lanka.
46. What is the meaning of Himalaya?
Answer: Abode of snow.
47. Which is the highest mountain range of India?
Answer: Himalayas.
48. Which Himalayas lie closest to the Northern Plains?
Answer: Shiwalik Range.
49. Which range is known as Himadri?
Answer: Greater Himalayas.
50. Which Himalayas have many valleys?
Answer: Lesser Himalayas.
51. Name one important pass of the Himalayas.
Answer: Zoji La.
52. Which mountains block cold winds from Central Asia?
Answer: Himalayas.
53. Which rivers originate from the Himalayas?
Answer: Ganga and Brahmaputra.
54. Which Himalayan range has the highest peaks?
Answer: Himadri.
55. What type of mountains are the Himalayas?
Answer: Young fold mountains.
56. How were the Northern Plains formed?
Answer: The Northern Plains are formed by river deposits.
57. Which rivers form the Northern Plains?
Answer: Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra.
58. Why are the Northern Plains fertile?
Answer: The Northern Plains are fertile due to alluvial deposits.
59. Which plains are known as the food bowl of India?
Answer: Northern Plains.
60. What is bhabar?
Answer: Pebble-covered belt near foothills.
61. What is terai?
Answer: Marshy region, south of bhabar.
62. What are floodplains called?
Answer: Khadar.
63. What are old alluvial plains called?
Answer: Bangar.
64. Which crop grows well in the Northern Plains?
Answer: Rice.
65. Which is the oldest physical division of India?
Answer: Peninsular Plateau.
66. Which rock is common in the Peninsular Plateau?
Answer: Igneous rock.
67. Which plateau lies to the south of Narmada?
Answer: Deccan Plateau.
68. Which plateau lies north of Narmada?
Answer: Central Highlands.
69. Which mountain range lies on the western edge of the Deccan Plateau?
Answer: Western Ghats.
70. Which mountain range lies on the eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau?
Answer: Eastern Ghats.
71. Which Ghats are higher, Eastern or Western?
Answer: Western Ghats.
72. Which is the highest peak of the Western Ghats?
Answer: Anai Mudi.
73. Where is the Thar Desert located?
Answer: The Thar Desert is located in western Rajasthan.
74. Which river flows through the Thar Desert?
Answer: Luni.
75. What type of vegetation is found in deserts?
Answer: Thorny bushes.
76. What type of climate is found in deserts?
Answer: Hot and dry.
77. Which coast is narrow, eastern or western?
Answer: Western Coast.
78. Which coast is wider, eastern or western?
Answer: Eastern Coast.
79. Which coast has many ports?
Answer: Western Coast.
80. Which delta is formed by the Ganga?
Answer: Sundarban Delta.
81. Which is the largest delta in the world?
Answer: Sundarban Delta.
82. Name one port on the western coast.
Answer: Mumbai.
83. Name one port on the eastern coast.
Answer: Chennai.
84. Which coast has lagoons?
Answer: Western Coast.
85. Which plains lie along the Bay of Bengal?
Answer: Eastern Coastal Plains.
86. Which plains lie along the Arabian Sea?
Answer: Western Coastal Plains.
87. Where are the Andaman and Nicobar Islands located?
Answer: Bay of Bengal.
88. Where are the Lakshadweep Islands located?
Answer: Arabian Sea.
89. Which islands are of volcanic origin?
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
90. Which islands are coral islands?
Answer: Lakshadweep Islands.
91. Which island group has Port Blair?
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
92. What type of climate does India have?
Answer: Monsoon climate.
93. Which monsoon brings rain to India?
Answer: Southwest monsoon.
94. In which months does the monsoon arrive?
Answer: June to September.
95. Why is India called a land of diversity?
Answer: Due to varied physical features.
96. Which direction do most Indian rivers flow?
Answer: East.
97. Which physical division of India is rich in minerals?
Answer: Peninsular Plateau.
98. Which physical division of India has a dense population?
Answer: Northern Plains.
99. Which physical feature protects India from invasions?
Answer: Himalayas.
100. Which plateau has black soil?
Answer: Deccan Plateau.
101. Which soil is ideal for cotton?
Answer: Black soil.
102. Which soil is ideal for wheat?
Answer: Alluvial soil.
103. Which region of India has laterite soil?
Answer: Western Ghats.
104. Which area in India receives the highest rainfall?
Answer: Meghalaya Plateau.
105. Which state in India receives the highest rainfall?
Answer: Meghalaya.
106. Which pass connects India with Tibet?
Answer: Nathu La.
107. Which sea route strengthened trade with Europe?
Answer: Suez Canal route.
108. Which plateau in India is rich in coal?
Answer: Chota Nagpur Plateau.
109. Which river in the Deccan plateau forms estuaries?
Answer: Narmada.
110. Which river in the Northern plain forms a delta?
Answer: Ganga.
111. What is the shape of India?
Answer: Roughly triangular.
112. Which ocean is named after India?
Answer: Indian Ocean.
113. Which part of India has tropical evergreen forests?
Answer: Western Ghats.
114. Which physical division of India has sand dunes?
Answer: Indian Desert.
115. What is a subcontinent?
Answer: A subcontinent is a large landmass with distinct features.
116. What is relief?
Answer: Variation in land surface.
117. What are fold mountains?
Answer: Mountains formed by the folding of the crust.
118. What is erosion?
Answer: Wearing away of land.
119. What is deposition?
Answer: Laying down of sediments.
120. What is a delta?
Answer: Triangular landform at the river mouth.
121. What is an estuary?
Answer: Tidal river mouth.
122. What are ghats?
Answer: Mountain ranges.
123. What is a monsoon?
Answer: Seasonal winds.
124. What is alluvium?
Answer: River-deposited soil.
125. State the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India.
Answer: India extends from 8°4′N to 37°6′N latitudes and from 68°7′E to
97°25′E longitudes.
126. Why is 82°30′E longitude important for India?
Answer: 82°30′E longitude passes near the centre of India and is taken as the standard meridian for
India Standard Time.
127. Why does India have a single time zone?
Answer: India has a single time zone to maintain uniform time across the country and avoid confusion
caused by local times.
128. Explain why India is called a subcontinent.
Answer: India is called a subcontinent due to its large size, distinct physical features, and separate
historical identity from Asia.
129. Mention any two advantages of India’s central location in Asia.
Answer: It facilitates trade with Asia, Europe, and Africa, and promotes cultural exchange.
130.Name India’s neighbouring countries to the north-west and north-east.
Answer: North-west: Pakistan and Afghanistan; North-east:
China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar.
131. How does India maintain contact with Sri Lanka and Myanmar?
Answer: India maintains contact with Sri Lanka and Myanmar through both sea and air routes.
132. How has India had cultural links with neighbouring countries since ancient times?
Answer: India has had cultural links with neighbouring countries since ancient times due to trade
routes, migration, and shared geography.
133. Name the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas.
Answer: Himadri (Greater Himalayas), Himachal (Lesser Himalayas),
Shiwalik.
134. Why are the Himalayas called young fold mountains?
Answer: The Himalayas are called young fold mountains because they were formed recently by the
folding of the Earth’s crust.
135. Mention two important functions of the Himalayas.
Answer: They block cold winds and cause rainfall by
obstructing monsoon winds.
136. Why are river valleys common in the Lesser Himalayas?
Answer: River valleys are common in the Lesser Himalayas due to erosion by rivers flowing through
softer rocks.
137. Name two important Himalayan passes.
Answer: Zoji La and Nathu La.
138. How were the Northern Plains formed?
Answer: The Northern Plains were formed by the deposition of alluvium brought by rivers like the
Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra.
139. Why are the Northern Plains densely populated?
Answer: The Northern Plains are densely populated due to fertile soil, flat land, and the availability
of water.
140. Distinguish between Bhangar and Khadar.
Answer: Bhangar is old alluvium; Khadar is new and more fertile
alluvium.
141. What are the Bhabar and Terai regions?
Answer: Bhabar is a pebble-covered region; Terai is a marshy region
south of it.
142. Why are the Northern Plains important for agriculture?
Answer: The Northern Plains are important for agriculture because they have fertile alluvial soil
and a sufficient water supply.
143. Why is the Peninsular Plateau called the oldest landmass of India?
Answer: The Peninsular Plateau is called the oldest landmass of India because it is made of ancient
crystalline rocks.
144. Name the two main divisions of the Peninsular Plateau.
Answer: Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau.
145. How are the Eastern and Western Ghats different?
Answer: The Western Ghats are higher and continuous; the Eastern Ghats
are lower and discontinuous.
146. Why are rivers of the Peninsular Plateau seasonal?
Answer: The rivers of the Peninsular Plateau are seasonal because
they depend mainly on rainfall.
147. Name two east-flowing and two west-flowing rivers.
Answer: East-flowing rivers are: Godavari, Krishna;
West-flowing rivers are: Narmada, Tapi.
148. Where is the Indian Desert located?
Answer: The Indian Desert is located in western Rajasthan.
149. Why does the Thar Desert receive low rainfall?
Answer: The Thar Desert receives low rainfall due to the rain shadow effect and distance from the
sea.
150. Name the main river of the Indian Desert.
Answer: Luni River.
151. How is the vegetation of the Indian Desert?
Answer: The vegetation of the Indian Desert is thorny
bushes and shrubs.
152. Give one difference between the Eastern and the Western Coastal Plains.
Answer: The Eastern plains are wide; the western plains are narrow.
153. Why are deltas common on the eastern coast?
Answer: Deltas are common on the eastern coast due to deposition
by east-flowing rivers.
154. Name two major ports on the western coast.
Answer: Mumbai and Kochi.
155. Name two major ports on the eastern coast.
Answer: Chennai and Visakhapatnam.
156. What are lagoons? Where are they found?
Answer: Lagoons are shallow water bodies separated from the sea; these are found on the western
coast.
157. Name the two island groups of India.
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands.
158. Why are the Andaman and Nicobar Islands strategically important?
Answer: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are strategically important because they lie close to
international sea routes.
159. What is meant by monsoon?
Answer: Monsoon is the seasonal reversal of wind direction.
160. Why does India receive most rainfall in summer?
Answer: India receives most rainfall in summer due to the
southwest monsoon winds.
161. What are western disturbances?
Answer: Western disturbances are the cyclonic winds bringing
winter rain to northern India.
162. How do physical features influence climate?
Answer: Physical features like mountains block winds and plains
help spread rainfall.
163. Why is the Peninsular Plateau rich in minerals?
Answer: The Peninsular Plateau is rich in minerals due to igneous
and metamorphic rocks.
164. Why are coastal plains suitable for fishing?
Answer: Coastal plains are suitable for fishing as they have easy access to seas and harbours.
165. Where are the Andaman and Nicobar Islands located?
Answer: In the Bay of Bengal.
166. Where are the Lakshadweep Islands located?
Answer: In the Arabian Sea.
167. Which islands are of volcanic origin?
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
168. Which islands are coral islands?
Answer: Lakshadweep Islands.
169. Which island group is Port Blair in?
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
170. Which monsoon brings rain to India?
Answer: Southwest monsoon.
171. In which months does the monsoon arrive?
Answer: June to September.
172. Why is India called a land of diversity?
Answer: India is called a land of diversity due to its varied physical features.
173. Which direction do most Indian rivers flow?
Answer: East.
174. Which physical division of India is rich in minerals?
Answer: Peninsular Plateau.
175. Which physical division of India has a dense population?
Answer: Northern Plains.
176. Which physical feature protects India from invasions?
Answer: Himalayas.
177. Which plateau has black soil?
Answer: Deccan Plateau.
178. Which soil is ideal for cotton?
Answer: Black soil.
179. Which soil is ideal for wheat?
Answer: Alluvial soil.
180. Which region of India has laterite soil?
Answer: Western Ghats.
181. Which area in India receives the highest rainfall?
Answer: Meghalaya Plateau.
182. Which state in India receives the highest rainfall?
Answer: Meghalaya.
183. Which pass connects India with Tibet?
Answer: Nathu La.
184. Which sea route strengthened trade with Europe?
Answer: Suez Canal route.
185. Which plateau in India is rich in coal?
Answer: Chota Nagpur Plateau.
186. Which river in the Deccan plateau forms estuaries?
Answer: Narmada.
187. Which river in the Northern plain forms a delta?
Answer: Ganga.
188. What is the shape of India?
Answer: Roughly triangular.
189. Which ocean is named after India?
Answer: Indian Ocean.
190. Which part of India has tropical evergreen forests?
Answer: Western Ghats.
191. Which physical division of India has sand dunes?
Answer: Indian Desert.
192. What is a subcontinent?
Answer: A subcontinent is a large landmass with distinct features.
193. What is relief?
Answer: A relief is the variation in the land surface.
194. What are fold mountains?
Answer: Mountains formed by the folding of crust.
195. What is erosion?
Answer: Erosion is the wearing away of land.
196. What is deposition?
Answer: Deposition is the laying down of sediments.
197. What is a delta?
Answer: A delta is a triangular landform at the river mouth.
198. What is an estuary?
Answer: An estuary is a tidal river mouth.
199. What are ghats?
Answer: Ghats are the mountain ranges.
200. What is a monsoon?
Answer: Monsoon is the seasonal winds.
201. What is alluvium?
Answer: Alluvium is the river-deposited soil.
202. State the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India.
Answer: India extends from 8°4′N to 37°6′N latitudes and from 68°7′E to 97°25′E longitudes.
203. Why is 82°30′E longitude important for India?
Answer: 82°30′E longitude is important for India because it passes near the centre of India and is
taken as the standard meridian for Indian Standard Time.
204. Why does India have a single time zone?
Answer: India has a single time zone to maintain uniform time across the country and avoid confusion
caused by local times.
205. Explain why India is called a subcontinent.
Answer: India is called a subcontinent due to its large size, distinct physical features, and separate
historical identity from Asia.
206. Mention any two advantages of India’s central location in Asia.
Answer: It helps in trade with Asia, Europe, and Africa and promotes cultural contacts.
207. Name India’s neighbouring countries to the north-west and north-east.
Answer: North-west: Pakistan and Afghanistan; North-east: China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar.
208. How does India maintain contact with Sri Lanka and Myanmar?
Answer: India maintains contact with Sri Lanka and Myanmar through sea routes and air routes.
209. Why has India had cultural links with neighbouring countries since ancient times?
Answer: India has had cultural links with neighbouring countries since ancient times due to trade
routes, migration, and shared geography.
210. Name the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas.
Answer: Himadri (Greater Himalayas), Himachal (Lesser Himalayas), Shiwalik.
211. Why are the Himalayas called young fold mountains?
Answer: The Himalayas are called young fold mountains because they were formed recently by
folding of the Earth’s crust.
212. Mention two important functions of the Himalayas.
Answer: They block cold winds and cause rainfall by obstructing monsoon winds.
213. Why are river valleys common in the Lesser Himalayas?
Answer: River valleys are common in the Lesser Himalayas due to erosion by rivers flowing through
softer rocks.
214. Name two important Himalayan passes.
Answer: Zoji La and Nathu La.
215. How were the Northern Plains formed?
Answer: The Northern Plains were formed by the deposition of alluvium brought by rivers like the
Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra.
216. Why are the Northern Plains densely populated?
Answer: The Northern Plains are densely populated due to fertile soil, flat land, and the availability
of water.
217. Distinguish between Bhangar and Khadar.
Answer: Bhangar is old alluvium; Khadar is new and more fertile alluvium.
218. What are the Bhabar and Terai regions?
Answer: Bhabar is a pebble-covered region; Terai is a marshy region south of it.
219. Why are the Northern Plains important for agriculture?
Answer: The Northern Plains are important for agriculture because they have fertile alluvial soil
and a sufficient water supply.
220. Why is the Peninsular Plateau called the oldest landmass of India?
Answer: The Peninsular Plateau is called the oldest landmass of India because it is made of ancient
crystalline rocks.
221. Name the two main divisions of the Peninsular Plateau.
Answer: Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau.
222. How are the Eastern and Western Ghats different?
Answer: The Western Ghats are higher and continuous; the Eastern Ghats are lower and discontinuous.
223. Why are rivers of the Peninsular Plateau seasonal?
Answer: The rivers of the Peninsular Plateau are seasonal because they depend mainly on rainfall.
224. Name two east-flowing and two west-flowing rivers.
Answer: East-flowing rivers are: Godavari, Krishna; West-flowing rivers are: Narmada, Tapi.
225. Where is the Indian Desert located?
Answer: The Indian Desert is located in western Rajasthan.
226. Why does the Thar Desert receive low rainfall?
Answer: The Thar Desert receives low rainfall due to the rain shadow effect and distance from the
sea.
227. Name the main river of the Indian Desert.
Answer: Luni River.
228. How is the vegetation of the Indian Desert?
Answer: The vegetation of the Indian Desert is thorny bushes and shrubs.
229. Give one difference between the Eastern and the Western Coastal Plains.
Answer: The Eastern plains are wide; the western plains are narrow.
230. Why are deltas common on the eastern coast?
Answer: Deltas are common on the eastern coast due to deposition by east-flowing rivers.
231. Name two major ports on the western coast.
Answer: Mumbai and Kochi.
232. Name two major ports on the eastern coast.
Answer: Chennai and Visakhapatnam.
233. What are lagoons? Where are they found?
Answer: Lagoons are shallow water bodies separated from the sea, and they are found on the western
coast.
234. Name the two island groups of India.
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands.
235. Why are the Andaman and Nicobar Islands strategically important?
Answer: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are strategically important because they lie close to
international sea routes.
236. What is meant by monsoon?
Answer: Monsoon is the seasonal reversal of wind direction.
237. Why does India receive most rainfall in summer?
Answer: India receives most rainfall in summer due to the southwest monsoon winds.
238. What are western disturbances?
Answer: Western disturbances are the cyclonic winds bringing winter rain to northern India.
239. How do physical features influence climate?
Answer: Physical features like mountains block winds and plains help spread rainfall.
240. Why is the Peninsular Plateau rich in minerals?
Answer: The Peninsular Plateau is rich in minerals due to igneous and metamorphic rocks.
241. Why are coastal plains suitable for fishing?
Answer: Coastal plains are suitable for fishing as they have easy access to seas and harbours.
242. State two reasons for fertile soil in the Northern Plains.
Answer: 1. Rivers deposit rich alluvium every year. 2. Fine
soil particles retain moisture.
243.
Name two crops grown in the Northern Plains.
Answer: Rice and wheat.
244.
Give two features of the Shiwalik Range.
Answer: 1. It is the outermost Himalayan range. 2. It is made of loose sediments.
245.
Mention two causes of monsoon rainfall in India.
Answer: 1. Differential heating of land and sea. 2. Shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
246.
State two differences between young and old mountains.
Answer: 1. Young mountains are high and rugged; old mountains are low and rounded. 2. Young mountains have sharp peaks; old mountains have gentle slopes.
247.
Name two mineral-rich plateaus of India.
Answer: Chota Nagpur Plateau and Deccan Plateau.
248.
Give two reasons for the dense population in the plains.
Answer: 1. Flat land suitable for settlement. 2. Fertile soil for agriculture.
249.
State two characteristics of the Deccan Plateau.
Answer: 1. It is a lava plateau. 2. It has black soil.
250.
Mention two features of the Western Ghats.
Answer: 1. They are continuous and high. 2. They cause heavy rainfall on the western side.
251.
Give two reasons for the sparse population in desert areas.
Answer: 1. Low rainfall. 2. Extreme temperatures.
252.
Name two physical barriers protecting India.
Answer: The Himalayas and the Indian Ocean.
253.
Mention two advantages of coastal plains.
Answer: 1. Good fishing grounds. 2. Natural harbours for trade.
254.
State two features of the Indian drainage system.
Answer: 1. Rivers are seasonal or perennial. 2. Rivers form deltas or estuaries.
255.
Name two tributaries of the Ganga.
Answer: Yamuna and Ghaghara.
256.
Name two tributaries of the Brahmaputra.
Answer: Dibang and Lohit.
257.
Give two reasons why rivers form deltas.
Answer: 1. Slow river flow near the mouth. 2. Heavy deposition of sediments.
258.
Mention two uses of rivers.
Answer: 1. Irrigation. 2. Transportation.
259.
State two characteristics of monsoon climate.
Answer: 1. Seasonal reversal of winds. 2. Concentrated rainfall in summer.
260.
Name two areas receiving heavy rainfall in India.
Answer: Meghalaya Plateau and Western Ghats.
